We present and analyze two new high-resolution (approx 0.3 arcsec), high-sensitivity (approx 50 uJy beam-1) Very Large Array 3.6 cm observations of IRAS 16293-2422 obtained in 2007 August and 2008 December. The components A2alpha and A2beta recently detected in this system are still present, and have moved roughly symmetrically away from source A2 at a projected velocity of 30-80 km s-1. This confirms that A2alpha and A2beta were formed as a consequence of a very recent bipolar ejection from A2. Powerful bipolar ejections have long been known to occur in low-mass young stars, but this is -to our knowledge-- the first time that such a dramatic one is observed from its very beginning. Under the reasonable assumption that the flux detected at radio wavelengths is optically thin free-free emission, one can estimate the mass of each ejecta to be of the order of 10^-8 Msun. If the ejecta were created as a consequence of an episode of enhanced mass loss accompanied by an increase in accretion onto the protostar, then the total luminosity of IRAS 16293-2422 ought to have increased by 10-60% over the course of at least several months. Between A2alpha and A2beta, component A2 has reappeared, and the relative position angle between A2 and A1 is found to have increased significantly since 2003-2005. This strongly suggests that A1 is a protostar rather than a shock feature, and that the A1/A2 pair is a tight binary system. Including component B, IRAS 16293-2422 therefore appears to be a very young hierarchical multiple system.
CSO CO(2-1) and Spitzer IRAC Observations of a Bipolar Outflow in High-mass Star-forming Region IRAS 22506+5944
本文介绍了加州理工学院亚毫米波天文台CO（2-1）和斯皮策IRAC对IRAS 22506+5944的观测结果，该区域是一个10 $^4$ $L_{\odot}$的大质量恒星形成区。CO（2-1）图显示了一个东西向的双极分子流出，起源于3 mm的尘埃连续峰。斯皮策IRAC彩色合成图像揭示了一对弓形尖端，它们在超过4.5 $μ$ m的发射中非常突出，并且位于双极外流的前沿，为弓形激波作为分子外流的驱动剂的存在提供了令人信服的证据。通过比较我们的CO（2-1）观测和以前发表的CO（1-0）观测，我们发现CO（2-1）/（1-0）线比从低速度（~5 km s $^{-1}$）到中等速度（~8 - 12 km s $^{-1}$）增加，然后在更高速度时减小。这是定性一致的情况下，分子外流是由多个弓形冲击驱动。我们还重新研究了CO（1-0）数据的位置-速度图，发现沿外流轴有两个毛刺结构，这进一步证明了存在多个射流弓形激波。最后，幂律拟合的流出物的质量谱给出的幂律指数更符合射流弓激波模型比广角风模型。
APEX-CHAMP+ high-J CO observations of low-mass young stellar objects: III. NGC 1333 IRAS 4A/4B envelope, outflow and UV heating
NGC 1333 IRAS 4A和IRAS 4 B源是研究得最好的第0阶段低质量原恒星之一，它们驱动着显著的双极外流。到目前为止，大多数研究都集中在这些地区的较冷部分（T<30 K）。目的是确定原恒星包层较温暖部分的特征，以便量化原恒星在冲击、紫外线加热、光解离和外流扩散方面对其周围环境的反馈。获得了该区域的完全采样的大比例尺地图; APEX-CHAMP+用于12 CO 6-5、13 CO 6-5和[CI] 2-1，JCMT-HARP-B用于12 CO 3-2排放。在源位置收集CO及其同位素的互补Herschel-HIFI和地面线，从1-0到1 - 0 -9（Eu/k 300 K）。尘埃和谱线的辐射传输模型用于确定流出和紫外加热气体的温度和质量，并推断CO丰度结构。宽CO发射线轮廓跟踪夹带冲击气体沿流出壁，典型的温度为~ 100 K。在外流和原恒星周围的其他位置，6-5线轮廓很窄，表明紫外线激发。窄的13 CO 6-5数据首次直接揭示了紫外加热的气体分布。从12 CO和13 CO 6-5图中发现UV加热和流出气体的量是相当的，这意味着UV光子可以影响气体的流出。整个区域的弱[CI]发射表明缺乏CO解离光子。C18 O线的建模表明，在整个信封中的CO冻结出来，并重新加载到气相中的“滴”丰度分布的必要性，从而提供定量的证据CO冰蒸发区周围的原恒星。内部丰度小于CO/H_2= 2.7 ×…
Dramatic infrared variability of WISE J1810-3305: catching early dust ejection during the thermal pulse of an AGB star?
我们提出了一个源的宽带红外测光特性类似樱井的对象的发现。WISE J180956.27-330500.2（以下简称J1810-3305）显示非常红的WISE颜色，但显示非常蓝的2 MASS [K]与WISE [W1（3.4微米）]颜色。它在IRAS时代是不可见的，但现在有12微米的通量，远高于IRAS点源目录的检测极限。历史上的光学照相底片以及多时期AKARI中红外测量也有变化的迹象。宽带红外光谱能量分布，后IRAS增亮和多波长可变性都是樱井的对象所共有的特征-一个后渐近巨星分支（后AGB）恒星，经历了后期的热脉冲，最近喷出了大量的尘埃，目前正在膨胀和冷却。光学祖先的颜色表明，J1810-3305可能是晚期光谱类。它的戏剧性的红外增亮，并检测到一个晚型光学对应物是一致的情况下，我们已经抓住了一个极其巨大的尘埃喷射事件（在1998年或不久之前）在热脉冲的AGB星，从而提供了一个独特的机会，观察恒星演化在这一阶段。J1810-3305是整个WISE初步数据发布中唯一具有类似红外SED和可变性的源，强调了此类源的稀有性。确认其性质是非常重要的。
