arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 1002.2390cond-mat.softcond-mat.stat-mech
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电解质溶液的表面张力、表面电位和Hofmeister系列

Surface tensions, surface potentials and the Hofmeister series of electrolyte solutions

Alexandre P. dos Santos, Alexandre Diehl, Yan Levin

摘要:

提出了一种理论,它使我们能够准确地计算电解质溶液的表面张力和表面电位。同时考虑了离子水化和极化率。我们发现琼斯-多尔粘度$B$ -系数和附近的空气-水界面的离子水合之间有很好的相关性。亲液性阴离子如氟离子、碘酸根、硫酸根和碳酸根被发现是强水合的,并被排斥出界面。发现高氯离子、碘离子、氯离子和溴离子等离液序列高的阴离子在界面上有明显的吸附。氯离子和溴酸根阴离子在界面区域变得弱水合。表面张力和表面电位的顺序被发现遵循Hofmeister排序。该理论,只有一个可调参数,定量占表面张力的10个钠盐,有实验数据。

英文摘要:

A theory is presented which allows us to accurately calculate the surface tensions and the surface potentials of electrolyte solutions. Both the ionic hydration and the polarizability are taken into account. We find a good correlation between the Jones-Dole viscosity $B$-coefficient and the ionic hydration near the air-water interface. The kosmotropic anions such as fluoride, iodate, sulfate and carbonate, are found to be strongly hydrated and are repelled from the interface. The chaotropic anions such as perchlorate, iodide, chlorate and bromide are found to be significantly adsorbed to the interface. Chloride and bromate anions become weakly hydrated in the interfacial region. The sequence of surface tensions and surface potentials is found to follow the Hofmeister ordering. The theory, with only one adjustable parameter, quantitatively accounts for the surface tensions of 10 sodium salts for which there is experimental data.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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