This paper addresses the radio interface problematic for MANET (Mobile Ad-hoc NETwork) applications. Here we propose to study the radio reconfigurability in order to provide a unique physical layer which is able to deal with all MANET applications. For implementing this reconfigurable physical layer, we propose to use Impulse Radio Ultra WideBand (IRUWB). This paper presents also our two level design approach for obtaining our reconfigurable IR-UWB receiver on FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array).
This paper presents our approach of the radio interface problematic for Wireless Sensor Network. We introduce the WSN context and constraints associated. We propose an IR-UWB solution and illustrate why it could be a viable solution for WSN. A high level modelling and simulation platform for IR-UWB radio interface is proposed on Matlab. It allows us to determine according to BER versus Eb/N0 criteria and the WSN constraints what kind of design is more adequate. Moreover, a co-design co-simulation platform Matlab VHDL is proposed here. Using this platform we designed IR-UWB transceiver having r…
Recent advances in wideband impulse technology, low power communication along with unlicensed band have enabled ultra wide band (UWB) as a leading technology for future wireless applications. This paper outlines the applications of emerging UWB technology in a private and commercial sector. We further talk about UWB technology for a wireless body area network (WBAN).
Precise indoor localization of moving targets is a challenging activity which cannot be easily accomplished without combining different sources of information. In this sense, the combination of different data sources with an appropriate filter might improve both positioning and tracking performance. This work proposes an algorithm for hybrid positioning in Wireless Sensor Networks based on data fusion of UWB and inertial information. A constant-gain Steady State Kalman Filter is used to bound the complexity of the system, simplifying its implementation on a typical low-power WSN node. The perf…
This paper describes a detailed performance evaluation of distributed Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks based on Impulse Radio Ultra Wideband (IR-UWB) Physical layer (PHY). Two main classes of Medium Access Control protocol have been considered: Slotted and UnSlotted with reliability. The reliability is based on Automatic Repeat ReQuest (ARQ). The performance evaluation is performed using a complete Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) simulator built on the Global Mobile Information System Simulator (GloMoSim). The optimal operating parameters are first discussed fo…
Ultra-wideband (UWB) communication is an emerging wireless technology that promises high data rates over short distances and precise locationing. The large available bandwidth and the constraint of a maximum power spectral density drives a unique set of system challenges. This paper addresses these challenges using two UWB transceivers and a discrete prototype platform.
Several researches are focused on the QoS (Quality of Service) and Energy consumption in wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks. Those research projects invest in theory and practice in order to extend the spectrum of use of norms, standards and technologies which are emerged in wireless communications. The performance of these technologies is strongly related to domains of use and limitations of their characteristics. In this paper, we give a comparison of ZigBee technology, most widely used in sensor networks, and UWB (Ultra Wide Band) which presents itself as competitor that present in these w…
Impulse Radio Ultra Wide Band (IR-UWB) is a promising technology to address Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) constraints. However, existing network simulation tools do not provide a complete WSN simulation architecture, with the IR-UWB specificities at the PHYsical (PHY) and the Medium Access Control (MAC) layers. In this paper, we propose a WSN simulation architecture based on the IR-UWB technique. At the PHY layer, we take into account the pulse collision by dealing with the pulse propagation delay. We also modelled MAC protocols specific to IRUWB, for WSN applications. To completely fit the WS…
With the technological growth of broadband wireless technology like CDMA and UWB, a lots of development efforts towards wireless communication system and Imaging radar system are well justified. Efforts are also being imparted towards a Convergence Technology.. the convergence between a communication and radar technology which will result in ITS (Intelligent Transport System) and other applications. This encourages present authors for this development. They are trying to utilize or converge the communication technologies towards radar and to achieve the Interference free and clutter free quali…
Energy efficiency is essential for Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) applications because of the battery-operated nodes. Other requirements such as throughput, delay, quality of service, and security levels also need to be considered in optimizing the network design. In this paper, we study the case in which the nodes access the medium probabilistically and we formulate an energy efficiency optimization problem under the rate and access probability constraints for IEEE 802.15.6 Impulse Radio Ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) WBANs. The proposed algorithm, dubbed Energy Efficiency Optimization of Channel…
This paper presents a performance evaluation of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) based on Impulse Radio Ultra Wideband (IR-UWB) over a new simulation platform developed for this purpose. The simulation platform is built on an existing network simulator: Global Mobile Information System Simulator (GloMoSim). It mainly focuses on the accurately modeling of IR-UWB PHYsical (PHY) and Medium Access Control (MAC) layer. Pulse collision is modeled according to the used time hopping sequence (THS) and the pulse propagation delay in order to increase the simulation fidelity. It also includes a detection …
Effect of multipath amplification is found in ultrawideband wireless communication systems with chaotic carrier, whereas information is transmitted with chaotic radio pulses. This effect is observed in multipath environment (residence, office, industrial or other indoor space). It exhibits itself through an increase of signal power at the receiver input with respect to the case of free space. Multipath amplification effect gives 5-15 dB energy gain (depending on the environment), which allows to have 2-6 times longer distance range for the same transmitter power.
The proposed UWB antenna covers mobile communications (GSM, EDG, UMTS(3G), LTE(4G)) and wireless networks (WIFI, WiMAX), within a theoretical bandwidth defined from 780MHz to 4.22GHz. The UWB antenna is designed and realized on a FR-4 substrate with an electrical permittivity of 4.4. It presents a 98.75% average analytical efficiency and an omnidirectional radiation within the previous bandwidth. The impedance excitation port is fixed at 50 Ohm according with the SMA impedance used in the practical part. The measured results are in good agreement with those obtained using CST and ADS softwares…
UWB has a very large bandwidth in a WPAN network, which is best used for HD-video applications. Meanwhile, MBWA is a WMAN option optimized for wireless-IP in a fast moving vehicle. In this paper, we propose a practical engineering scenario that harnesses simultaneously the distinctive feature of both UWB and MBWA. However, this in-proximity operation of the technologies will inevitably cause mutual interference to both systems. In light of this, as a preliminary phase to coexistence, we have derived, under various circumstances, the maximum interference power limit that needs to be respected i…
Vehicle electronic systems currently utilize wired networks for power delivery (from the main battery) and communication (e.g., LIN, CAN, FlexRay) between nodes. Wired networks cannot practically accommodate nodes in moving parts (e.g., tires) and with the increasing functional complexity in vehicles, they require kilometer-long harnesses, significantly increasing fuel consumption and manufacturing and design costs. As an alternative, energy harvesting intra-vehicular wireless sensor networks (IVWSN) can accommodate nodes in all locations and they obviate the need for wiring, significantly low…
Both IEEE 802.15.4 and 802.15.4a standards allow for dynamic channel allocation and use of multiple channels available at their physical layers but its MAC protocols are designed only for single channel. Also, sensor's transceivers such as CC2420 provide multiple channels and as shown in [1], [2] and [3] channel switch latency of CC2420 transceiver is just about 200$μ$s. In order to enhance both energy efficiency and to shorten end to end delay, we propose, in this report, a spectrum-efficient frequency allocation schemes that are able to statically assign control channels and dynamically reus…
Throughput capacity is a critical parameter for the design and evaluation of ad-hoc wireless networks. Consider n identical randomly located nodes, on a unit area, forming an ad-hoc wireless network. Assuming a fixed per node transmission capability of T bits per second at a fixed range, it has been shown that the uniform throughput capacity per node r(n) is Theta((T)/(sqrt{n log n})), a decreasing function of node density n. However an alternate communication model may also be considered, with each node constrained to a maximum transmit power P_0 and capable of utilizing W Hz of bandwidth. Un…
Advances in sensor networks enable pervasive health monitoring and patient-specific treatments that take into account the patients medical history, current state, genetic background, and personal habits. However, sensors are often battery power limited and vastly differ in their application related requirements. In this paper, we address both of these problems. Specifically, we study IEEE 802.15.6 ultra-wideband (UWB) wireless body area networks (WBANs) that use impulse radio (IR). We formulate the joint optimization of the payload size and number of pulses per symbol to optimize the energy ef…
In wireless multi-hop networks, the instability of the wireless links leads to unstable networking. Even in the newly designed Software-Defined Wireless Sensor Networks (SDWSN), similar problems exist. To further improve the stability of SDWSN, we introduce a Link Quality (LQ) prediction model into the SDWSN architecture. The prediction model is used to improve the stability between neighbor nodes, and thus the stability of wireless multi-hop routes. Simulation results show that the LQ prediction model can make reasonable corrections to the reality wireless link model, which can well address t…
The systems based on intelligent sensors are currently expanding, due to theirs functions and theirs performances of intelligence: transmitting and receiving data in real-time, computation and processing algorithms, metrology remote, diagnostics, automation and storage measurements...The radio frequency wireless communication with its multitude offers a better solution for data traffic in this kind of systems. The mains objectives of this paper is to present a solution of the problem related to the selection criteria of a better wireless communication technology face up to the constraints impo…
In the next generation wireless networks, the growing demand for new wireless applications is accompanied with high expectations for better quality of service (QoS) fulfillment especially for multimedia applications. Furthermore, the coexistence of future unlicensed users with existing licensed users is becoming a challenging task in the next generation communication systems to overcome the underutilization of the spectrum. A QoS and interference aware resource allocation is thus of special interest in order to respond to the heterogeneous constraints of the next generation networks. In this w…
With the proliferation of mobile demands and increasingly multifarious services and applications, mobile Internet has been an irreversible trend. Unfortunately, the current mobile and wireless network (MWN) faces a series of pressing challenges caused by the inherent design. In this paper, we extend two latest and promising innovations of Internet, software-defined networking and network virtualization, to mobile and wireless scenarios. We first describe the challenges and expectations of MWN, and analyze the opportunities provided by the software-defined wireless network (SDWN) and wireless n…
SD-WISE is a complete software-defined solution for wireless sensor (and actuator) networks (WSNs). SD-WISE has several unique features making it a flexible and expandable solution that can be applied in heterogeneous application domains. Its fundamental feature is that it provides software abstractions of the nodes' resources on both the controller and the nodes sides. By leveraging these abstractions, SD-WISE (i) extends the Software Defined Networking (SDN) approach to WSNs, introducing a more flexible way to define flows as well as the possibility to control the duty cycles of the node rad…
Wireless systems using low-power wireless communication protocol are rapidly gain popularity in the license-free industrial scientific, and medical (ISM) frequency bands. One such emerging trend in ISM frequency bands is home automation. Historically, all the home devices were once unconnected, today are now being connected either by a wired or wireless connection. The low-power wireless communication protocols enable integration of all the digital home devices into a single system and enhance end user product experience. The rapid prototyping of these end user product using programmable radio…
Software Defined Networking (SDN) has gained huge popularity in replacing traditional network by offering flexible and dynamic network management. It has drawn significant attention of the researchers from both academia and industries. Particularly, incorporating SDN in Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) applications indicates promising benefits in terms of dealing with challenges like traffic management, authentication, energy efficiency etc. while enhancing administrative control. This paper presents a novel framework for Software Defined WBAN (SDWBAN), which brings the concept of SDN technol…
Software-defined networking (SDN) provides an agile and programmable way to optimize radio access networks via a control-data plane separation. Nevertheless, reaping the benefits of wireless SDN hinges on making optimal use of the limited wireless fronthaul capacity. In this work, the problem of fronthaul-aware resource allocation and user scheduling is studied. To this end, a two-timescale fronthaul-aware SDN control mechanism is proposed in which the controller maximizes the time-averaged network throughput by enforcing a coarse correlated equilibrium in the long timescale. Subsequently, lev…
The predominant use of wireless access networks is for media streaming applications, which are only gaining popularity as ever more devices become available for this purpose. However, current access networks treat all packets identically, and lack the agility to determine which clients are most in need of service at a given time. Software reconfigurability of networking devices has seen wide adoption, and this in turn implies that agile control policies can be now instantiated on access networks. The goal of this work is to design, develop and demonstrate FlowBazaar, an market-based approach t…
Next generation (5G) wireless networks are expected to support the massive data and accommodate a wide range of services/use cases with distinct requirements in a cost-effective, flexible, and agile manner. As a promising solution, wireless network virtualization (WNV), or network slicing, enables multiple virtual networks to share the common infrastructure on demand, and to be customized for different services/use cases. This article focuses on network-wide resource allocation for realizing WNV. Specifically, the motivations, the enabling platforms, and the benefits of WNV, are first reviewed…
To meet the surging demand of increasing mobile Internet traffic from diverse applications while maintaining moderate energy cost, the radio access network (RAN) of cellular systems needs to take a green path into the future, and the key lies in providing elastic service to dynamic traffic demands. To achieve this, it is time to rethink RAN architectures and expect breakthroughs. In this article, we review the state-of-art literature which aims to renovate RANs from the perspectives of control-traffic decoupled air interface, cloud-based RANs, and software-defined RANs. We then propose a softw…
This article investigates the basic design principles for a new Wireless Network Operating System (WNOS), a radically different approach to software-defined networking (SDN) for infrastructure-less wireless networks. Departing from well-understood approaches inspired by OpenFlow, WNOS provides the network designer with an abstraction hiding (i) the lower-level details of the wireless protocol stack and (ii) the distributed nature of the network operations. Based on this abstract representation, the WNOS takes network control programs written on a centralized, high-level view of the network and…
Time-sensitive wireless networks are an important enabling building block for many emerging industrial Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Quick prototyping and evaluation of time-sensitive wireless technologies are desirable for R&D efforts. Software-defined radio (SDR), by allowing wireless signal processing on a personal computer (PC), has been widely used for such quick prototyping efforts. Unfortunately, because of the \textit{uncontrollable delay} between the PC and the radio board, SDR is generally deemed not suitable for time-sensitive wireless applications that demand communication…
Software development for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is challenging due to characteristics of sensor nodes and the environment they are deployed in. Testing software in a real WSN testbed allows users to get reliable test results. However, real testbeds become more expensive as the number of sensor nodes in the network grows. Simulation tools are alternatives to real testbeds. They are cheaper, faster and repeatable. However, simulation results are not reliable as that of testbeds. Therefore, there is a need for a testing tool that can leverage the advantages of testbeds and simulation too…
Classical control and management plane for computer networks is addressing individual parameters of protocol layers within an individual wireless network device. We argue that this is not sufficient in phase of increasing deployment of highly re-configurable systems, as well as heterogeneous wireless systems co-existing in the same radio spectrum which demand harmonized, frequently even coordinated adaptation of multiple parameters in different protocol layers (cross-layer) in multiple network devices (cross-node). We propose UniFlex, a framework enabling unified and flexible radio and network…
Wireless sensor networks (WSN) have recently received an increasing interest. They are now expected to be deployed for long periods of time, thus requiring software updates. Updating the software code automatically on a huge number of sensors is a tremendous task, as ''by hand'' updates can obviously not be considered, especially when all participating sensors are embedded on mobile entities. In this paper, we investigate an approach to automatically update software in mobile sensor-based application when no localization mechanism is available. We leverage the peer-to-peer cooperation paradigm…
For high data rate ultra wideband communication system, performance comparison of Rake, MMSE and Rake-MMSE receivers is attempted in this paper. Further a detail study on Rake-MMSE time domain equalizers is carried out taking into account all the important parameters such as the effect of the number of Rake fingers and equalizer taps on the error rate performance. This receiver combats inter-symbol interference by taking advantages of both the Rake and equalizer structure. The bit error rate performances are investigated using MATLAB simulation on IEEE 802.15.3a defined UWB channel models. Sim…
Today's wireless technologies are largely based on inflexible designs, which makes them inefficient and prone to a variety of wireless attacks. To address this key issue, wireless receivers will need to (i) infer on-the-fly the physical-layer parameters currently used by transmitters; and if needed, (ii) change their hardware and software structures to demodulate the incoming waveform. In this paper, we introduce PolymoRF, a deep learning-based polymorphic receiver able to reconfigure itself in real time based on the inferred waveform parameters. Our key technical innovations are (i) a novel e…
Wireless sensor networks have been a driving force of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) advancement in the process control and manufacturing industry. The emergence of IIoT opens great potential for the ubiquitous field device connectivity and manageability with an integrated and standardized architecture from low-level device operations to high-level data-centric application interactions. This technological development requires software definability in the key architectural elements of IIoT, including wireless field devices, IIoT gateways, network infrastructure, and IIoT sensor cloud …
Software Defined Networking (SDN) drastically changes the meaning and process of designing, building, testing, and operating networks. The current support for wireless net- working in SDN technologies has lagged behind its development and deployment for wired networks. The purpose of this work is to bring principled support for wireless access networks so that they can receive the same level of programmability as wireline interfaces. Specifically we aim to integrate wireless protocols into the general SDN framework by proposing a new set of abstractions in wireless devices and the interfaces t…
Radio access network (RAN) virtualization is gaining more and more ground and expected to re-architect the next-generation cellular networks. Existing RAN virtualization studies and solutions have mostly focused on sharing communication capacity and tend to require the use of the same PHY and MAC layers across network slices. This approach has not considered the scenarios where different slices require different PHY and MAC layers, for instance, for radically different services and for whole-stack research in wireless living labs where novel PHY and MAC layers need to be deployed concurrently …
Wireless communication environments comprise passive objects that cause performance degradation and eavesdropping concerns due to anomalous scattering. This paper proposes a new paradigm, where scattering becomes software-defined and, subsequently, optimizable across wide frequency ranges. Through the proposed programmable wireless environments, the path loss, multi-path fading and interference effects can be controlled and mitigated. Moreover, the eavesdropping can be prevented via novel physical layer security capabilities. The core technology of this new paradigm is the concept of metasurfa…
Applying high-speed real-time wireless technologies in industrial applications has the great potential to reduce the deployment and maintenance costs compared to their wired counterparts. Wireless technologies enhance the mobility and reduce the communication jitter and delay for mobile industrial equipment, such as mobile collaborative robots. Unfortunately, most existing wireless solutions employed in industrial fields either cannot support the desired high-speed communications or cannot guarantee deterministic, real-time performance. A more recent wireless technology, RT-WiFi, achieves a go…
The article presents a method of organizing men-in-the-middle attack and penetration test on Bluetooth Low Energy devices and ZigBee packets using software define radio with sniffing and spoofing packets, capture and analysis techniques on wireless waves with the focus on Bluetooth. The paper contains the analysis of the latest scientific work in this area, provides a comparative analysis of SDRs and the rationale for the choice of hardware, gives the sequence of actions for collecting wireless data packets and data collection from ZigBee and BLE devices, and analyzes ways to improve captured …
Mobile Networks today comprise of multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs), e.g., 4G LTE, Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), and the upcoming 5G-New Radio (5G-NR). The access networks of these RATs are controlled by RAT-specific entities, e.g., the resource management function located inside an individual LTE eNB is used for the eNB control, or access controllers are used for controlling WLAN Access Points. Even in the 3GPP's 5G architecture, which has a common Core supporting multiple RATs, radio access related decisions are taken independently within individual RATs. Due to the fragmented …
Software-defined networking (SDN), which has been successfully deployed in the management of complex data centers, has recently been incorporated into a myriad of 5G networks to intelligently manage a wide range of heterogeneous wireless devices, software systems, and wireless access technologies. Thus, the SDN control plane needs to communicate wirelessly with the wireless data plane either directly or indirectly. The uncertainties in the wireless SDN control plane (WCP) make its design challenging. Both WCP schemes (direct WCP, D-WCP, and indirect WCP, I-WCP) have been incorporated into rece…
As new use cases are emerging for unmanned aerial systems (UAS), advanced wireless communications technologies and systems need to be implemented and widely tested. This requires a flexible platform for development, deployment, testing and demonstration of wireless systems with ground and aerial nodes, enabling effective 3D mobile communications and networking. In this paper, we provide a comparative overview of software-defined radios (SDRs), with a specific focus on SDR hardware and software that can be used for aerial wireless experimentation and research. We discuss SDR hardware requiremen…
Now days, interests in the application of Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) have grown considerably. A number of tiny wireless sensors, strategically placed on the human body, create a wireless body area network that can monitor various vital signs, providing real-time feedback to the user and medical personnel. This communication needs to be energy efficient and highly reliable while keeping delays low. In this paper we present hardware and software architecture for BAN and also we offer reliable communication and data aggregation.
This paper describes a software-based tool that tracks mobile node roaming and infers the time-to-handover as well as the preferential handover target, based on behavior inference solely derived from regular usage data captured in visited wireless networks. The paper presents the tool architecture; computational background for mobility estimation; operational guidelines concerning how the tool is being used to track several aspects of roaming behavior in the context of wireless networks. Target selection accuracy is validated having as baseline traces obtained in realistic scenarios.
Machine-to-machine (M2M) communications have attracted great attention from both academia and industry. In this paper, with recent advances in wireless network virtualization and software-defined networking (SDN), we propose a novel framework for M2M communications in software-defined cellular networks with wireless network virtualization. In the proposed framework, according to different functions and quality of service (QoS) requirements of machine-type communication devices (MTCDs), a hypervisor enables the virtualization of the physical M2M network, which is abstracted and sliced into mult…
The future 5G wireless infrastructure will support any-to-any connectivity between densely deployed smart objects that form the emerging paradigm known as the Internet of Everything (IoE). Compared to traditional wireless networks that enable communication between devices using a single technology, 5G networks will need to support seamless connectivity between heterogeneous wireless objects and IoE networks. To tackle the complexity and versatility of future IoE networks, 5G will need to guarantee optimal usage of both spectrum and energy resources and further support technology-agnostic conne…
Wireless networking is rapidly growing and becomes an inexpensive technology which allows multiple users to simultaneously access the network and the internet while roaming about the campus. In the present work, the software development of a wireless LAN(WLAN) is highlighted. This WLAN utilizes direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) technology at 902MHz RF carrier frequency in its physical layer. Cost effective installation and antijaming property of spread spectrum technology are the major advantages of this work.
Machine-to-machine (M2M) communications have attracted great attention from both academia and industry. In this paper, with recent advances in wireless network virtualization and software-defined networking (SDN), we propose a novel framework for M2M communications in software-defined cellular networks with wireless network virtualization. In the proposed framework, according to different functions and quality of service (QoS) requirements of machine-type communication devices (MTCDs), a hypervisor enables the virtualization of the physical M2M network, which is abstracted and sliced into mult…
Software-defined networking (SDN) is the concept of decoupling the control and data planes to create a flexible and agile network, assisted by a central controller. However, the performance of SDN highly depends on the limitations in the fronthaul which are inadequately discussed in the existing literature. In this paper, a fronthaul-aware software-defined resource allocation mechanism is proposed for 5G wireless networks with in-band wireless fronthaul constraints. Considering the fronthaul capacity, the controller maximizes the time-averaged network throughput by enforcing a coarse correlate…
Software-defined networking (SDN) is a promising technology to overcome many challenges in wireless sensor networks (WSN), particularly with respect to flexibility and reuse. Conversely, the centralization and the planes' separation turn SDNs vulnerable to new security threats in the general context of distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks. State-of-the-art approaches to identify DDoS do not always take into consideration restrictions in typical WSNs e.g., computational complexity and power constraints, while further performance improvement is always a target. The objective of this work…
Kalyani Government Engineering College（卡利亚尼政府工程学院）；University of Gour Banga（古尔邦加大学）；University of Wolverhampton（伍尔弗汉普顿大学）；Torrens University Australia（澳大利亚托伦斯大学）
Routing in Software-Defined Wireless sensor networks (SD-WSNs) can be either single or multi-hop, whereas the network is either static or dynamic. In static SD-WSN, the selection of the optimum route from source to destination is accomplished by the SDN controller(s). On the other hand, if moving sensors are there, then SDN controllers of zones cannot handle route discovery sessions by themselves; they can only store information about the most recent zone state. Moving sensors find lots of robotics applications where robots continue to move from one room to another to sensing the environment. …
This article attempts to create a software and hardware complex that can work autonomously and demonstrates the ease of implementation of attacks on denial of service on wireless networks, which in turn emphasizes the need to provide comprehensive protection of wireless networks.
