气候系统热力学性质的新结果
New Results on the Thermodynamical Properties of the Climate System
摘要：
在本文中，我们利用两个等价的配方的平均速率的物质熵产生在行星系提出一个近似的分裂之间的贡献，由于垂直和突出的水平过程。我们的方法是基于二维辐射场的表面和大气层的一般行星体的顶部。仅用大气顶部的二维场，我们导出了物质熵产生速率和洛伦兹能量循环强度的下界。通过引入一个措施的效率的行星系相对于水平的热力学过程，我们提供了洞察力以前的直觉上的可能性，定义一个斜压热机提取工作的纬向热通量。验证了物质熵产生的近似公式，并将其用于研究工业化前气候条件下PCMDI/CMIP 3数据集中气候模式的全球热力学性质。结果表明，90%左右的物质熵产生是由对流等垂直过程引起的，而大尺度对流热输运仅占10%左右。总物质熵产生通常为55 mWK-1 m-2，偏差约为5%，CM的斜压效率集中在0.055左右。当考虑所考虑的化学量的可变性和协变性时，CM之间的一致性更差，这表明反馈的描述更不确定。
英文摘要：
In this paper we exploit two equivalent formulations of the average rate of material entropy production in a planetary system to propose an approximate splitting between contributions due to vertical and eminently horizontal processes. Our approach is based only upon 2D radiative fields at the surface and at the top of atmosphere of a general planetary body. Using 2D fields at the top of atmosphere alone, we derive lower bounds to the rate of material entropy production and to the intensity of the Lorenz energy cycle. By introducing a measure of the efficiency of the planetary system with respect to horizontal thermodynamical processes, we provide insight on a previous intuition on the possibility of defining a baroclinic heat engine extracting work from the meridional heat flux. The approximate formula of the material entropy production is verified and used for studying the global thermodynamic properties of climate models (CMs) included in the PCMDI/CMIP3 dataset in pre-industrial climate conditions. It is found that about 90% of the material entropy production is due to vertical processes such as convection, whereas the large scale meridional heat transport contributes only about 10%. The total material entropy production is typically 55 mWK-1m-2, with discrepancies of the order of 5% and CMs' baroclinic efficiencies are clustered around 0.055. When looking at the variability and co-variability of the considered thermodynamical quantities, the agreement among CMs is worse, suggesting that the description of feedbacks is more uncertain.
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