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arXiv 0912.3229astro-ph.EPastro-ph.SR
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一个超级地球过境附近的低质量恒星

A super-Earth transiting a nearby low-mass star

David Charbonneau, Zachory K. Berta, Jonathan Irwin, Christopher J. Burke, Philip Nutzman, Lars A. Buchhave, Christophe Lovis, Xavier Bonfils, David W. Latham, … 展开作者

David Charbonneau, Zachory K. Berta, Jonathan Irwin, Christopher J. Burke, Philip Nutzman, Lars A. Buchhave, Christophe Lovis, Xavier Bonfils, David W. Latham, Stephane Udry, Ruth A. Murray-Clay, Matthew J. Holman, Emilio E. Falco, Joshua N. Winn, Didier Queloz, Francesco Pepe, Michel Mayor, Xavier Delfosse, Thierry Forveille

摘要:

十年前,第一颗凌日系外行星的发现直接限制了它的组成,并打开了对系外行星大气进行光谱研究的大门。由于这种特性研究只适用于附近的凌日系统,并且行星与恒星的半径比相对较大,因此对附近的小恒星进行了深入的调查。多普勒研究和微透镜已经发现了一群最小质量为地球质量(M_Earth)1.9-10倍的行星,称为超级地球。CoRoT-7 b提供了对这类新行星整体组成的第一个限制,但其恒星的距离和大小在可预见的未来排除了大气研究。在这里,我们报告的过境行星GJ 1214 b的观测,它的质量为6.55 M_地球和半径的2.68倍地球的半径(R_地球),这表明它是中间的身材之间的地球和冰巨人的太阳系。我们发现,行星的质量和半径是一致的,主要是水的组成被氢氦信封,只有0.05%的质量的行星。大气层很可能是在流体动力学的作用下逃逸的,这表明它在其历史上经历了重大的演变。由于这颗恒星很小,距离我们只有13秒差距,所以行星大气可以用现有的天文台进行研究。

英文摘要:

A decade ago, the detection of the first transiting extrasolar planet provided a direct constraint on its composition and opened the door to spectroscopic investigations of extrasolar planetary atmospheres. As such characterization studies are feasible only for transiting systems that are both nearby and for which the planet-to-star radius ratio is relatively large, nearby small stars have been surveyed intensively. Doppler studies and microlensing have uncovered a population of planets with minimum masses of 1.9-10 times the Earth's mass (M_Earth), called super-Earths. The first constraint on the bulk composition of this novel class of planets was afforded by CoRoT-7b, but the distance and size of its star preclude atmospheric studies in the foreseeable future. Here we report observations of the transiting planet GJ 1214b, which has a mass of 6.55 M_Earth and a radius 2.68 times Earth's radius (R_Earth), indicating that it is intermediate in stature between Earth and the ice giants of the Solar System. We find that the planetary mass and radius are consistent with a composition of primarily water enshrouded by a hydrogen-helium envelope that is only 0.05% of the mass of the planet. The atmosphere is probably escaping hydrodynamically, indicating that it has undergone significant evolution during its history. As the star is small and only 13 parsecs away, the planetary atmosphere is amenable to study with current observatories.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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