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arXiv 0912.0894physics.plasm-ph
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探测光电离:纯气体和混合物中正流光的实验

Probing photo-ionization: Experiments on positive streamers in pure gasses and mixtures

S Nijdam, F M J H van de Wetering, R Blanc, E M van Veldhuizen, U Ebert

摘要:

正流光被认为是通过光电离传播的,其参数取决于氮:氧比。因此,我们研究的流光在氮气与20%,0.2%和0.01%的氧气和在纯氮气,以及在纯氧气和氩气。我们新的实验装置保证纯气体的污染远低于1 ppm。氧气中的流光很难测量,因为在我们的快速ICCD相机的灵敏度范围内,它们发出的光比其他气体少得多。在纯氮和所有氮/氧混合物中的流光看起来大体上相似,但随着氧含量的降低而变得稍微更薄并且分支更多。在纯氮中,飘带可以分叉得很厉害,看起来像羽毛。这一特征在纯氩气中更为明显,在200毫巴下羽毛中的毛尖密度约为10^2/cm ^3;这一密度可以解释为自由电子密度导致了飞流杆的雪崩。值得注意的是,在所有氮/氧混合物以及纯氮中,对于类似的电压和压力,流光速度基本上是相同的,而氧浓度以及因此光电离长度的变化超过五个数量级。氩气中的流光也具有基本相同的速度。在不同的压力下的流光的物理相似性被确认在所有的气体,最小直径小于在早期的测量。

英文摘要:

Positive streamers are thought to propagate by photo-ionization whose parameters depend on the nitrogen:oxygen ratio. Therefore we study streamers in nitrogen with 20%, 0.2% and 0.01% oxygen and in pure nitrogen, as well as in pure oxygen and argon. Our new experimental set-up guarantees contamination of the pure gases to be well below 1 ppm. Streamers in oxygen are difficult to measure as they emit considerably less light in the sensitivity range of our fast ICCD camera than the other gasses. Streamers in pure nitrogen and in all nitrogen/oxygen mixtures look generally similar, but become somewhat thinner and branch more with decreasing oxygen content. In pure nitrogen the streamers can branch so much that they resemble feathers. This feature is even more pronounced in pure argon, with approximately 10^2 hair tips/cm^3 in the feathers at 200 mbar; this density could be interpreted as the free electron density creating avalanches towards the streamer stem. It is remarkable that the streamer velocity is essentially the same for similar voltage and pressure in all nitrogen/oxygen mixtures as well as in pure nitrogen, while the oxygen concentration and therefore the photo-ionization lengths vary by more than five orders of magnitude. Streamers in argon have essentially the same velocity as well. The physical similarity of streamers at different pressures is confirmed in all gases; the minimal diameters are smaller than in earlier measurements.

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