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arXiv 0911.5461astro-ph.COastro-ph.GA
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星系中星团对盘场星的动力学摩擦:对星核形成和球状星团光度函数的影响

Dynamical friction of star clusters against disk field stars in galaxies: Implications on stellar nucleus formation and globular cluster luminosity functions

Kenji Bekki

摘要:

我们数值研究了在星系盘中嵌入暗物质晕的场星的动力学摩擦作用下星团的轨道演化。我们发现,在盘质量M_d小于10^9 M_sun的星系中,由于盘场星的动力学摩擦,质量大于2 * 10^5 M_sun的SC可以在小于1 Gyr的范围内表现出显著的轨道衰减。我们还发现,在具有较小的M_d和较大的盘与暗物质晕质量比的盘星系中,由于动力学摩擦引起的SC轨道衰变更为显著。研究发现,由于盘星系动力学摩擦的作用,在Md < 10^9 Msun的低质量盘星系中,盘星系SC系统的半数半径Rh,sc和Rh,sc内的平均质量随时间显著变化.更大质量的SC可以螺旋进入盘的中心区域,可以形成多个速度分散较小的SC系统,以便它们可以相互合并,形成质量相当于其宿主盘质量的0.4%的单个恒星核。基于这些结果,我们认为质量大于2 * 10^5 M_sun的大质量球状星团(GC)的光度函数(LF)会变陡,这是由于在亮度较低的星系中,大质量的GC通过GC合并转化为单个星核。我们还认为,只有当星系总质量小于~ 10^{10} M_sun时,GC系统的半数半径才能因动力学摩擦而演化。

英文摘要:

We numerically investigate orbital evolution of star clusters (SCs) under the influence of dynamical friction by field stars of their host disk galaxies embedded in dark matter halos. We find that SCs with masses larger than 2 * 10^5 M_sun can show significant orbital decay within less than 1 Gyr due to dynamical friction by disk field stars in galaxies with disk masses M_d less than 10^9 M_sun. We also find that orbital decay of SCs due to dynamical friction is more remarkable in disk galaxies with smaller M_d and higher mass-ratios of disks to dark matter halos. The half-number radii R_h, sc and mean masses within R_h,sc of the SC systems (SCSs) in low-mass disk galaxies with M_d < 10^9 M_sun are found to evolve significantly with time owing to dynamical friction of SCs. More massive SCs that can spiral-in to the central regions of disks can form multiple SC systems with smaller velocity dispersions so that they can merge with one another to form single stellar nuclei with their masses comparable to ~0.4% of their host disk masses. Based on these results, we suggest that luminosity functions (LFs) for more massive globular clusters (GCs) with masses larger than 2 * 10^5 M_sun can steepen owing to transformation of the more massive GCs into single stellar nuclei through GC merging in less luminous galaxies. We also suggest that the half-number radii of GC systems can evolve owing to dynamical friction only for galaxies with their total masses smaller than ~ 10^{10} M_sun.

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