大质量黑洞对宇宙训练列车的破坏：发现kpc级三重活动星系核
Cosmic Train Wreck by Massive Black Holes: Discovery of a kpc-Scale Triple Active Galactic Nucleus
摘要：
等级星系合并将导致双星的形成，并且在双星合并之前的后续合并的情况下，三个超大质量黑洞（SMBHs），因为大多数大质量星系都有SMBHs。当黑洞同时吸积大量气体时，三重SMBH就变成了三重活动星系核（AGN）。在这里，我们报告发现一个kpc规模的三重活动星系核，SDSSJ 1027 +1749在z = 0.066，从我们的系统搜索的层次合并的活动星系核。该星系包含三个发射线核，其中两个在速度上偏移约450和110 km/s，在投影上与中央核的距离为2.4和3.0 kpc。根据光学诊断发射线比，这三个核都被归类为模糊活动星系核，根据在相关恒星成分中测量的恒星速度色散，黑洞质量估计为M_BH ~> 10^8 M_sun。根据动力学摩擦时间尺度的估计，SDSSJ 1027 +1749中的三个恒星成分将在约4000万年后合并，而它们相关的SMBH可能在约<20000万年后演化成一个引力相互作用的三重系统。我们的结果为z ~ 0.1的光选活动星系核中kpc尺度的三重态的分数设定了一个下限~ 5 × 10^（-5）。
英文摘要：
Hierarchical galaxy mergers will lead to the formation of binary and, in the case of a subsequent merger before a binary coalesce, triple supermassive black holes (SMBHs), given that most massive galaxies harbor SMBHs. A triple of SMBHs becomes visible as a triple active galactic nucleus (AGN) when the BHs accrete large amounts of gas at the same time. Here we report the discovery of a kpc-scale triple AGN, SDSSJ1027+1749 at z = 0.066, from our systematic search for hierarchical mergers of AGNs. The galaxy contains three emission-line nuclei, two of which are offset by ~ 450 and 110 km/s in velocity and by 2.4 and 3.0 kpc in projected separation from the central nucleus. All three nuclei are classified as obscured AGNs based on optical diagnostic emission line ratios, with black hole mass estimates M_BH ~> 10^8 M_sun from stellar velocity dispersions measured in the associated stellar components. Based on dynamical friction timescale estimates, the three stellar components in SDSSJ1027+1749 will merge in ~ 40 Myr, and their associated SMBHs may evolve into a gravitationally interacting triple system in ~< 200 Myr. Our result sets a lower limit of ~ 5 x 10^(-5) for the fraction of kpc-scale triples in optically selected AGNs at z ~ 0.1.
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