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arXiv 0911.0873astro-ph.CO
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星暴星系M 82中恒星形成活动与宇宙射线之间的联系

A connection between star formation activity and cosmic rays in the starburst galaxy M 82

V. A. Acciari, E. Aliu, T. Arlen, T. Aune, M. Bautista, M. Beilicke, W. Benbow, D. Boltuch, S. M. Bradbury, J. H. Buckley, V. Bugaev, K. Byrum, A. Cannon, O. Ce… 展开作者

V. A. Acciari, E. Aliu, T. Arlen, T. Aune, M. Bautista, M. Beilicke, W. Benbow, D. Boltuch, S. M. Bradbury, J. H. Buckley, V. Bugaev, K. Byrum, A. Cannon, O. Celik, A. Cesarini, Y. C. Chow, L. Ciupik, P. Cogan, P. Colin, W. Cui, R. Dickherber, C. Duke, S. J. Fegan, J. P. Finley, G. Finnegan, P. Fortin, L. Fortson, A. Furniss, N. Galante, D. Gall, K. Gibbs, G. H. Gillanders, S. Godambe, J. Grube, R. Guenette, G. Gyuk, D. Hanna, J. Holder, D. Horan, C. M. Hui, T. B. Humensky, A. Imran, P. Kaaret, N. Karlsson, M. Kertzman, D. Kieda, J. Kildea, A. Konopelko, H. Krawczynski, F. Krennrich, M. J. Lang, S. LeBohec, G. Maier, S. McArthur, A. McCann, M. McCutcheon, J. Millis, P. Moriarty, R. Mukherjee, T. Nagai, R. A. Ong, A. N. Otte, D. Pandel, J. S. Perkins, F. Pizlo, M. Pohl, J. Quinn, K. Ragan, L. C. Reyes, P. T. Reynolds, E. Roache, H. J. Rose, M. Schroedter, G. H. Sembroski, A. W. Smith, D. Steele, S. P. Swordy, M. Theiling, S. Thibadeau, A. Varlotta, V. V. Vassiliev, S. Vincent, R. G. Wagner, S. P. Wakely, J. E. Ward, T. C. Weekes, A. Weinstein, T. Weisgarber, D. A. Williams, S. Wissel, M. Wood, B. Zitzer

摘要:

虽然银河系的宇宙射线(质子和原子核)被广泛认为主要是由大质量恒星的恒星风和超新星加速的,但在它们被发现近一个世纪后,这种起源的确切证据仍然难以捉摸[1]。星暴星系的活动区域有着非常高的恒星形成率,它们的大尺寸是类似银河系区域直径的50倍以上,这使得对它们潜在的高宇宙射线密度进行可靠的量热测量成为可能[2]。在大质量恒星的形成、生命和死亡过程中产生的宇宙射线预计最终会通过与星际气体和辐射的相互作用产生弥散的伽马射线辐射。M 82是一个小型星暴星系的原型,被预测为伽马射线中最亮的星暴星系[3,4]。在这里,我们报告的检测>700 GeV的伽马射线从M 82。从这些数据中,我们确定了M 82星暴核心的宇宙射线密度为250 eV cm-3,约为银河系平均密度的500倍。这一结果有力地支持了宇宙射线加速与恒星形成活动有关的观点,以及超新星和恒星风是主要的加速器。

英文摘要:

Although Galactic cosmic rays (protons and nuclei) are widely believed to be dominantly accelerated by the winds and supernovae of massive stars, definitive evidence of this origin remains elusive nearly a century after their discovery [1]. The active regions of starburst galaxies have exceptionally high rates of star formation, and their large size, more than 50 times the diameter of similar Galactic regions, uniquely enables reliable calorimetric measurements of their potentially high cosmic-ray density [2]. The cosmic rays produced in the formation, life, and death of their massive stars are expected to eventually produce diffuse gamma-ray emission via their interactions with interstellar gas and radiation. M 82, the prototype small starburst galaxy, is predicted to be the brightest starburst galaxy in gamma rays [3, 4]. Here we report the detection of >700 GeV gamma rays from M 82. From these data we determine a cosmic-ray density of 250 eV cm-3 in the starburst core of M 82, or about 500 times the average Galactic density. This result strongly supports that cosmic-ray acceleration is tied to star formation activity, and that supernovae and massive-star winds are the dominant accelerators.

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