磁场是一个很好的示踪气体压缩的冲击波,这可能是由于相互作用的恒星形成驱动流出的个别恒星形成网站所描述的烟囱模型。我们研究了核星暴星系NGC 253中心部分的磁场结构,空间分辨率在40到150 pc之间,以探测与核外流相关的任何额外发射。将分辨率为7.5”的3 cm处的新VLA观察结果与20 cm和6 cm处的存档数据相结合。我们发现,在一个几何分布,我们解释为西北核流出锥的边界的连续无线电发射。无论观测频率如何,连续谱发射的标度高度都是150+/-20 pc。平均磁场强度为46+/-10 microG的总磁场和21+/-5 microG的常规领域中的灯丝。有序的磁场沿着灯丝排列,与由于压缩而产生的放大一致。穿过细丝的垂直扩散系数为kappa_perp = 1.5 x 10^28 cm ^2 s^-1 E(GeV)^(0.5+/-0.7)。在核流出锥的SE部分中,磁场以螺旋的形式指向远离盘的方向,其中方位角分量增加到至少1200 pc高度,其中方位角分量大约等于总分量。在2.2kpc半径范围内,盘中有序磁场是各向异性的。在较大半径处,大尺度场是规则的,并且具有偶宇称。磁场能够校准流出,这可以解释观察到的~26度的小开度角。由于角动量守恒,场线被冻结在等离子体中并缠绕成螺旋形。宇宙射线电子的强绝热损失可以部分解释为什么原子核的射电光度低于射电-远红外相关。
英文摘要:
Magnetic fields are a good tracer for gas compression by shock waves, which can be caused by interaction of star-formation driven outflows from individual star formation sites as described in the chimney model. We study the magnetic field structure in the central part of the nuclear starburst galaxy NGC 253 with spatial resolutions between 40 and 150 pc to detect any filamentary emission associated with the nuclear outflow. New VLA observations at 3 cm with 7.5" resolution were combined with archive data at 20 and 6 cm. We find filamentary radio continuum emission in a geometrical distribution that we interpret as the boundary of the northwestern nuclear outflow cone. The scaleheight of the continuum emission is 150+/-20 pc, regardless of the observing frequency. The equipartition magnetic field strength is 46+/-10 microG for the total field and 21+/-5 microG for the regular field in the filaments. The ordered magnetic field is aligned along the filaments, in agreement with amplification due to compression. The perpendicular diffusion coefficient across the filaments is kappa_perp = 1.5 x 10^28 cm^2 s^-1 E(GeV)^(0.5+/-0.7). In the SE part of the nuclear outflow cone the magnetic field is pointing away from the disc in form of a helix, with an azimuthal component increasing up to at least 1200 pc height, where it is about equal to the total component. The ordered magnetic field in the disc is anisotropic within a radius of 2.2 kpc. At larger radii, the large-scale field is regular and of even parity. The magnetic field is able to collimate the outflow, which can explain the observed small opening angle of ~26 degree. Due to angular momentum conservation, the field lines are frozen into the plasma and are wound up into a helix. Strong adiabatic losses of the cosmic-ray electrons can partly explain why the radio luminosity of the nucleus lies below the radio-FIR correlation.
The Complex Structure of the Multi-Phase Galactic Wind in a Starburst Merger
通过Na I D $λλ5890, 5896$吸收线偶线,在许多超亮红外星系(ULIRGs)中观测到了中性外流。首次利用Gemini North上的积分场单元(IFU)对ULIRG(F10565+2448)中的冷中性外流进行了二维运动学分析,并观测了Na I D特征。同时,我们用[NII]和H $α$的发射线绘制了电离流出图。我们发现一个系统的旋转曲线,这是一致的分子盘从以前的CO观测确定的旋转。吸收线显示出核流出的证据,径向范围至少为3千秒差距,与以前的观测结果一致。Na I D线的强度有很强的,空间分辨的相关性与变红,这表明尘埃是存在于流出。令人惊讶的是,中性气体的流出速度显示出强烈的不对称性,其形式为与盘旋转符号相反的主轴梯度。这与随星系旋转的夹带物质或倾斜的短轴流出不一致。我们假设这种不寻常的行为是由于周围气体分布的不对称性。我们还看到不对称的电离流出的证据,在发射线速度图,这似乎是从中性流出解耦。我们的研究结果加强了这样一个假设,即ULIRG外流在形态上不同于那些在更安静的盘星系。
Physical Conditions in the Low-Ionization Component of Starburst Outflows: The Shape of Near-Ultraviolet and Optical Absorption-Line Troughs in Keck Spectra of ULIRGs
我们分析的物理条件,在低电离成分的星爆外流(在X射线中观察到的高电离风流体相比),基于新的凯克/LRIS光谱的部分解决吸收槽在近紫外和光学光谱的超铝红外Galerkin。大的速度宽度和蓝移存在于七,原子跃迁表明流出的气体内的宏观速度梯度。这些数据中的\mgII 2796、2803(和\feII 2587、2600)双峰线比重度混合的\nad 5892、98双峰线更好地约束气体运动学。\mgII 2796吸收槽的形状与2803 μ m处通常较弱的跃迁的形状相同,这要求两个跃迁在所有流出速度下都具有光学厚度。因此,在每一个速度下流出物所覆盖的银河系连续统的分数决定了这些吸收槽的形状。我们认为,速度偏移的最深的部分的槽,低电离气体的覆盖因子是接近统一的,反映了速度的外壳扫,星际气体在井喷的时候。在一个球形流出,我们表明,该壳的碎片膨胀缓慢相对于几何稀释,低电离气体的覆盖率随半径的增加而减小。因此,我们测量的覆盖因子随速度的增加而减少,可以解释为低电离外流加速的证据。我们还测量了四种气体的C_f(v),给出了流出气体密度的上限为3000 cm ~ 3,并讨论了质量流出速率的下限。