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arXiv 0910.1072astro-ph.HEastro-ph.CO
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河外星系中相对论激波的粒子加速

Particle Acceleration at Relativistic Shocks in Extragalactic Systems

Matthew G. Baring, Errol J. Summerlin

摘要:

相对论性激波的扩散激波加速(DSA)是活动星系核中河外喷流和伽马射线暴等多种天体的重要加速机制。这些源仍然是产生超高能宇宙射线的强有力和令人感兴趣的候选地点。本文概述了DSA对相对论冲击的关键预测,这些冲击对于宇宙射线离子和电子产生问题至关重要。从蒙特卡罗模拟的结果,这种扩散加速试验粒子,相对论,斜,MHD冲击。模拟输出描述为大角度和小角度散射的情况下,和各种冲击的超光速制度时,霍夫曼-泰勒框架不存在。分布函数幂律指数与其他技术的结果相比毫不逊色。发现它们敏感地依赖于激波中的平均磁场方向,以及在激波环境中沿场传播的MHD湍流的性质。一个有趣的制度的平坦频谱生成的解决,提供证据证明其起源是由于冲击漂移加速。概述了这些理论结果对伽马射线暴和耀变体科学的影响。具体来说,费米伽马射线观测这些宇宙源已经提供了重要的相对论冲击的环境量,即散射的频率和场湍流的水平的显着约束。

英文摘要:

Diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) at relativistic shocks is expected to be an important acceleration mechanism in a variety of astrophysical objects including extragalactic jets in active galactic nuclei and gamma ray bursts. These sources remain strong and interesting candidate sites for the generation of ultra-high energy cosmic rays. In this paper, key predictions of DSA at relativistic shocks that are salient to the issue of cosmic ray ion and electron production are outlined. Results from a Monte Carlo simulation of such diffusive acceleration in test-particle, relativistic, oblique, MHD shocks are presented. Simulation output is described for both large angle and small angle scattering scenarios, and a variety of shock obliquities including superluminal regimes when the de Hoffman-Teller frame does not exist. The distribution function power-law indices compare favorably with results from other techniques. They are found to depend sensitively on the mean magnetic field orientation in the shock, and the nature of MHD turbulence that propagates along fields in shock environs. An interesting regime of flat spectrum generation is addressed, providing evidence for its origin being due to shock drift acceleration. The impact of these theoretical results on gamma-ray burst and blazar science is outlined. Specifically, Fermi gamma-ray observations of these cosmic sources are already providing significant constraints on important environmental quantities for relativistic shocks, namely the frequency of scattering and the level of field turbulence.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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