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arXiv 0909.4789cs.DLphysics.soc-ph
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文章读者信息的文献计量学性质

The Bibliometric Properties of Article Readership Information

Michael J. Kurtz, Guenther Eichhorn, Alberto Accomazzi, Carolyn S. Grant, Markus Demleitner, Stephen S. Murray, Nathalie Martimbeau, Barbara Elwell

摘要:

美国航天局天体物理学数据系统(ADS)与天文学期刊和数据中心(一个称为URANIA的合作项目)一起开发了一个分布式在线数字图书馆,该图书馆已成为天文学家搜索、获取和阅读其技术文献的主要手段。数字图书馆,如美国航天局天体物理学数据系统,使人们能够容易地积累一种新型的文献计量学指标,即个别文章的电子访问(“阅读”)次数。我们探讨了这项新措施的各个方面。我们研究了实际读取测量的过时函数,并表明它可以很好地拟合的时间常数非常不同的四个指数的总和。我们比较了过时的功能,衡量读者与过时的功能,衡量引文。我们发现,引用功能是成正比的两个组件的读者功能的总和。这证明了规范的引文理论在本质上是正确的。我们进一步详细研究了引文率、读者率和每篇文章的总引文量之间的异同,并讨论了其中的一些原因。使用的阅读次数作为个人的文献计量学措施,我们介绍了阅读引用图提供一个二维视图的个人的科学生产力。我们开发了一个简单的模型来解释一个人的阅读和引用,并使用它来显示一个人在阅读引用图中的位置是年龄,先天生产力和工作历史的函数。我们显示了阅读和引用的年龄偏差,并开发了两种新的文献计量学方法,其年龄偏差比引用小得多

英文摘要:

The NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS), along with astronomy's journals and data centers (a collaboration dubbed URANIA), has developed a distributed on-line digital library which has become the dominant means by which astronomers search, access and read their technical literature. Digital libraries such as the NASA Astrophysics Data System permit the easy accumulation of a new type of bibliometric measure, the number of electronic accesses (``reads'') of individual articles. We explore various aspects of this new measure. We examine the obsolescence function as measured by actual reads, and show that it can be well fit by the sum of four exponentials with very different time constants. We compare the obsolescence function as measured by readership with the obsolescence function as measured by citations. We find that the citation function is proportional to the sum of two of the components of the readership function. This proves that the normative theory of citation is true in the mean. We further examine in detail the similarities and differences between the citation rate, the readership rate and the total citations for individual articles, and discuss some of the causes. Using the number of reads as a bibliometric measure for individuals, we introduce the read-cite diagram to provide a two-dimensional view of an individual's scientific productivity. We develop a simple model to account for an individual's reads and cites and use it to show that the position of a person in the read-cite diagram is a function of age, innate productivity, and work history. We show the age biases of both reads and cites, and develop two new bibliometric measures which have substantially less age bias than citations

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