We show that if $Å$ is a Fell bundle over a locally compact group $G$, then there is a natural coaction $δ$ of $G$ on the Fell-bundle $C^*$-algebra $C^*(G,Å)$ such that if $\hatδ$ is the dual action of $G$ on the crossed product $C^*(G,Å) \rtimes_δ G$, then the full crossed product $(C^*(G,Å) \rtimes_δG)\rtimes_{\hatδ}G$ is canonically isomorphic to $C^*(G,Å) \otimes\KK(L^2(G))$. Hence the coaction $δ$ is maximal.
In this paper we give a simple proof of the maximality of dual coactions on full cross-sectional C*-algebras of Fell bundles over locally compact groups. As applications we extend certain exotic crossed-product functors in the sense of Baum, Guentner and Willett to the category of Fell bundles and the category of partial actions and we obtain results about the K-theory of (exotic) cross-sectional algebras of Fell-bundles over K-amenable groups. As a bonus, we give a characterisation of maximal coactions of discrete groups in terms of maximal tensor products.
Using the close relationship between coactions of discrete groups and Fell bundles, we introduce a procedure for inducing a C*-coaction of a quotient group G/N of a discrete group G to a C*-coaction of G itself on an induced C*-algebra. We show that induced coactions behave in many respects similarly to induced actions. In particular, as an analogue of the well known imprimitivity theorem for induced actions we prove that the crossed products of the original and the induced coactions are always Morita equivalent. We also obtain nonabelian analogues of a theorem of Olesen and Pedersen which sho…
We study integrability for coactions of locally compact groups. For abelian groups, this corresponds to integrability of the associated action of the Pontrjagin dual group. The theory of integrable group actions has been previously studied by Ruy Exel, Ralf Meyer and Marc Rieffel. Our goal is to study the close relationship between integrable group coactions and Fell bundles. As a main result, we prove that dual coactions on C*-algebras of Fell bundles are integrable, generalizing results by Ruy Exel for abelian groups.
We prove gauge-invariant uniqueness theorems with respect to maximal and normal coactions for $C^*$-algebras associated to product systems of $C^*$-correspondences. Our techniques of proof are developed in the abstract context of Fell bundles. We employ inner coactions to prove an essential-inner uniqueness theorem for Fell bundles. As application, we characterise injectivity of homomorphisms on Nica's Toeplitz algebra $\Tt(G, P)$ of a quasi-lattice ordered group $(G, P)$ in the presence of a finite non-trivial set of lower bounds for all non-trivial elements in $P$.
Coactions of Hopf C*-bimodules simultaneously generalize coactions of Hopf C*-algebras and actions of groupoids. Following an approach of Baaj and Skandalis, we construct reduced crossed products and establish a duality for fine coactions. Examples of coactions arise from Fell bundles on groupoids and actions of a groupoid on bundles of C*-algebras. Continuous Fell bundles on an etale groupoid correspond to coactions of the reduced groupoid algebra, and actions of a groupoid on a continuous bundle of C*-algebras correspond to coactions of the function algebra.
Using the strong relation between coactions of a discrete group G on C*-algebras and Fell bundles over G, we prove a new version of Mansfield's imprimitivity theorem for coactions of discrete groups. Our imprimitivity theorem works for the universally defined full crossed products and arbitrary subgroups of G, as opposed to the usual theory which uses the spatially defined reduced crossed products and normal subgroups of G. Moreover, our theorem factors through the usual one by passing to appropriate quotients. As applications we show that a Fell bundle over a discrete group is amenable in the…
We study the C*-algebras of Fell bundles. In particular, we prove the analogue of Renault's disintegration theorem for groupoids. As in the groupoid case, this result is the key step in proving a deep equivalence theorem for the C*-algebras of Fell bundles.
We introduce the notion of groupoid pre-equivalences and prove that they give rise to groupoid equivalences by taking certain quotients. Then, given an equivalence of Fell bundles $\mathscr{B}$ and $\mathscr{C}$ and another equivalence between $\mathscr{C}$ and $\mathscr{D}$, we construct an equivalence between $\mathscr{B}$ and $\mathscr{D}$ out of the tensor product bundle. As a consequence, we obtain that Fell bundle equivalence is indeed an equivalence relation.
We show how to extend a classic Morita Equivalence Result of Green's to the \cs-algebras of Fell bundles over transitive groupoids. Specifically, we show that if $p:\B\to G$ is a saturated Fell bundle over a transitive groupoid $G$ with stability group $H=G(u)$ at $u\in \go$, then $\cs(G,\B)$ is Morita equivalent to $\cs(H,\CC)$, where $\CC=\B\restr H$. As an application, we show that if $p:\B\to G$ is a Fell bundle over a group $G$ and if there is a continuous $G$-equivariant map $σ:\Prim A\to G/H$, where $A=B(e)$ is the \cs-algebra of $\B$ and $H$ is a closed subgroup, then $\cs(G,\B)$ is Mo…
We show that if $p:\B\to G$ is a Fell bundle over a locally compact groupoid $G$ and that $A=Γ_{0}(G^{(0)};\B)$ is the \cs-algebra sitting over $G^{(0)}$, then there is a continuous $G$-action on $\Prim A$ that reduces to the usual action when $\B$ comes from a dynamical system. As an application, we show that if $I$ is a $G$-invariant ideal in $A$, then there is a short exact sequence of \cs-algebras \xymatrix{0\ar[r]&\cs(G,\BI)\ar[r] &\cs(G,\B)\ar[r]&\cs(G,\BqI)\ar[r]&0,} where $\cs(G,\B)$ is the Fell bundle \cs-algebra and $\BI$ and $\BqI$ are naturally defined Fell bundles corresponding to…
In this exposition we highlight product systems as the semigroup analogue of Fell bundles. Motivated by Fock creation operators we extend the definition of Fowler's product systems over unital discrete left-cancellative semigroups, via both a concrete and an abstract characterization. We next underline the importance of Fock spaces and Fell bundle methods for obtaining covariant representation results. First, the strongly covariant representations of Sehnem, for product systems over group embeddable semigroups, find their analogue here. Secondly, we give two solutions for the existence of the …
In this paper, we prove that the induced representation theories of two equivalent Fell bundles are essentially identical; and we apply our results to carry the induced representation theory and imprimitivity theorems of saturated Fell bundles to arbitrary Fell bundles.
In the third and latest paper in this series, we recover the imprimitivity theorems of Mansfield and Fell using our technique of Fell bundles over groupoids. Also, we apply the Rieffel Surjection of the first paper in the series to relate our version of Mansfield's theorem to that of an Huef and Raeburn, and to give an automatic amenability result for certain transformation Fell bundles.
We give a notion of equivalence for Fell bundles over groups, not necessarily saturated nor separable, and show that equivalent Fell bundles have Morita-Rieffel equivalent cross-sectional $C^*$-algebras. Our notion is originated in the context of partial actions and their enveloping actions. The equivalence between two Fell bundles is implemented by a bundle of Hilbert bimodules with some extra structure. Suitable cross-sectional spaces of such a bundle turn out to be imprimitivity bimodules for the cross-sectional $C^*$-algebras of the involved Fell bundles. We show that amenability is preser…
Given an action of a groupoid by isomorphisms on a Fell bundle (over another groupoid), we form a semidirect-product Fell bundle, and prove that its $C^{*}$-algebra is isomorphic to a crossed product.
We introduce notions of weak and strong equivalence for non-saturated Fell bundles over locally compact groups and show that every Fell bundle is strongly (resp. weakly) equivalent to a semidirect product Fell bundle for a partial (resp. global) action. Equivalences preserve cross-sectional $C^*-$algebras and amenability. We use this to show that previous results on crossed products and amenability of group actions carry over to Fell bundles.
We establish conditions under which the universal and reduced norms coincide for a Fell bundle over a groupoid. Specifically, we prove that the full and reduced C*-algebras of any Fell bundle over a measurewise amenable groupoid coincide, and also that for a groupoid G whose orbit space is T_0, the full and reduced algebras of a Fell bundle over G coincide if the full and reduced algebras of the restriction of the bundle to each isotropy group coincide.
We define the Zappa-Szép product of a Fell bundle by a groupoid, which turns out to be a Fell bundle over the Zappa-Szép product of the underlying groupoids. Under certain assumptions, every Fell bundle over the Zappa-Szép product of groupoids arises in this manner. We then study the representation associated with the Zappa-Szép product Fell bundle and show its relation to covariant representations. Finally, we study the associated universal C*-algebra, which turns out to be a C*-blend, generalizing an earlier result about the Zappa-Szép product of groupoid C*-algebras. In the case of discrete…
Given a free and proper action of a groupoid on a Fell bundle (over another groupoid), we give an equivalence between the semidirect-product and the generalized-fixed-point Fell bundles, generalizing an earlier result where the action was by a group. As an application, we show that the Stabilization Theorem for Fell bundles over groupoids is essentially another form of crossed-product duality.
In this paper, we show that if E is a Fell bundle over an amenable étale locally compact Hausdorff groupoid such that every fiber on the unit space is nuclear, then $C?^*r(E)$ is also nuclear. In order to show this result, we introduce (minimal) tensor products of Fell bundles with fixed $C^*$-algebras.
We consider Fell bundles over discrete groups, and the C*-algebra which is universal for representations of the bundle. We define deformations of Fell bundles, which are new Fell bundles with the same underlying Banach bundle but with the multiplication deformed by a two-cocycle on the group. Every graph algebra can be viewed as the C*-algebra of a Fell bundle, and there are are many cocycles of interest with which to deform them. We thus obtain many of the twisted graph algebras of Kumjian, Pask and Sims. We demonstate the utility of our approach to these twisted graph algebras by proving tha…
We investigate some consequences of a recent stabilization result of Ionescu, Kumjian, Sims, and Williams, which says that every Fell bundle $C^*$-algebra is Morita equivalent to a canonical groupoid crossed product. First we use the theorem to give conditions that guarantee the $C^*$-algebras associated to a Fell bundle are either nuclear or exact. We then show that a groupoid is exact if and only if it is "Fell exact", in the sense that any invariant ideal gives rise to a short exact sequence of reduced Fell bundle $C^*$-algebras. As an application, we show that extensions of exact groupoids…
The author provides some definitions and structural results about Fell bundles, defined as C^*-algebra bundles over topological groupoids. Such bundles are a mutual generalization of semi-direct products of groups with C^*-algebras and C^*-algebra bundles over topological spaces. In particular a Morita equivalence theorem with semi-direct products is established.
We prove a version of Wordingham's theorem for left regular representations in the setting of Fell bundles of inverse semigroups and use this result to discuss the various associated cross sectional C*-algebras.
Our goal in this paper and two sequels is to apply the Yamagami-Muhly-Williams equivalence theorem for Fell bundles over groupoids to recover and extend all known imprimitivity theorems involving groups. Here we extend Raeburn's symmetric imprimitivity theorem, and also, in an appendix, we develop a number of tools for the theory of Fell bundles that have not previously appeared in the literature.
We define weakly proper Fell bundles and construct exotic fixed point algebras for such bundles. Three alternative constructions of such algebras are given. Under a kind of freeness condition, one of our constructions implies that every exotic cross sectional C*-algebra of a weakly proper Fell bundle is Morita equivalent to an exotic fixed point algebras. The other constructions are used to show that ours generalizes that of Buss and Echterhoff on weakly proper actions on C*-algebras. We also generalize to Fell bundles the fact that every C*-action which is proper in Kasparov's sense is amenab…
With each Fell bundle over a discrete group G we associate a partial action of G on the spectrum of the unit fiber. We discuss the ideal structure of the corresponding full and reduced cross-sectional C*-algebras in terms of the dynamics of this partial action.
Given a continuous open surjective morphism $π:G\to H$ of étale groupoids with amenable kernel, we construct a Fell bundle $E$ over $H$ and prove that its C*-algebra $C^*_r(E)$ is isomorphic to $C^*_r(G)$. This is related to results of Fell concerning C*-algebraic bundles over groups. The case $H=X$, a locally compact space, was treated earlier by Ramazan. We conclude that $C^*_r(G)$ is strongly Morita equivalent to a crossed product, the C*-algebra of a Fell bundle arising from an action of the groupoid $H$ on a C*-bundle over $H^0$. We apply the theory to groupoid morphisms obtained from ext…
We give precise conditions under which irreducible representations associated to stability groups induce to irreducible representations for Fell bundle C*-algebras. This result generalizes an earlier result of Echterhoff and the second author. Because the Fell bundle construction subsumes most other examples of C*-algebras constructed from dynamical systems, our result percolates down to many different constructions including the many flavors of groupoid crossed products.
In this paper we develop the notion of Herz-Schur multipliers to the context of Fell bundle, and we give a necessary and sufficient condition if the reduced cross-sectional $C^{\ast}$-algebra $C_r^{\ast}(\mathfrak{B})$ of Fell bundle $\mathfrak{B}$ over discrete group $G$ is nuclear in terms of this generalized notion. As an application, we prove that if $C_r^{\ast}(\mathfrak{B})$ is nuclear, then for any subgroup $H \subset G$, the $C^{\ast}$-algebra $C_r^{\ast}(\mathfrak{B}_H)$ is nuclear.
We construct a weak conditional expectation from the section C*-algebra of a Fell bundle over a unital inverse semigroup to its unit fibre. We use this to define the reduced C*-algebra of the Fell bundle. We study when the reduced C*-algebra for an inverse semigroup action on a groupoid by partial equivalences coincides with the reduced groupoid C*-algebra of the transformation groupoid, giving both positive results and counterexamples.
We show that every Fell bundle B over a locally compact group G is "proper" in a sense recently introduced by Ng. Combining our results with those of Ng we show that if B satisfies the "approximation property" then it is amenable in the sense that the full and reduced cross-sectional C*-algebras coincide.
We study the $C^*$-algebras associated to upper-semicontinuous Fell bundles over second-countable Hausdorff groupoids. Based on ideas going back to the Packer--Raeburn "Stabilization Trick," we construct from each such bundle a groupoid dynamical system whose associated Fell bundle is equivalent to the original bundle. The upshot is that the full and reduced $C^*$-algebras of any saturated upper-semicontinuous Fell bundle are stably isomorphic to the full and reduced crossed products of an associated dynamical system. We apply our results to describe the lattice of ideals of the $C^*$-algebra …
If $p \colon \mathcal B\to G$ is a Fell bundle over an étale groupoid, then we show that there is an norm reducing injective linear map $j \colon C^*_r(G;\mathcal B)\to Γ_{0}(G;\mathcal B)$ generalizing the well know map $j \colon C^*_{r}(G)\to C_{0}(G)$ in the case of an étale groupoid.
Building on previous papers by Anantharaman-Delaroche (AD) we introduce and study the notion of AD-amenability for partial actions and Fell bundles over discrete groups. We prove that the cross-sectional C*-algebra of a Fell bundle is nuclear if and only if the underlying unit fibre is nuclear and the Fell bundle is AD-amenable. If a partial action is globalisable, then it is AD-amenable if and only if its globalisation is AD-amenable. Moreover, we prove that AD-amenability is preserved by (weak) equivalence of Fell bundles and, using a very recent idea of Ozawa and Suzuki, we show that AD-ame…
We introduce a new notion of twisted actions of inverse semigroups and show that they correspond bijectively to certain regular Fell bundles over inverse semigroups, yielding in this way a structure classification of such bundles. These include as special cases all the stable Fell bundles. Our definition of twisted actions properly generalizes a previous one introduced by Sieben and corresponds to Busby-Smith twisted actions in the group case. As an application we describe twisted etale groupoid C*-algebras in terms of crossed products by twisted actions of inverse semigroups and show that Sie…
We apply the One-Sided Action Theorem from the first paper in this series to prove that Rieffel's Morita equivalence between the reduced crossed product by a proper saturated action and the generalized fixed-point algebra is a quotient of a Morita equivalence between the full crossed product and a "universal" fixed-point algebra. We give several applications, to Fell bundles over groups, reduced crossed products as fixed-point algebras, and C*-bundles.
We generalize Renault's notion of measurewise amenability to actions of second countable, Hausdorff, étale groupoids on separable $C^*$-algebras and show that measurewise amenability characterizes nuclearity of the crossed product whenever the $C^*$-algebra acted on is nuclear. In the more general context of Fell bundles over second countable, Hausdorff, étale groupoids, we introduce a version of Exel's approximation property. We prove that the approximation property implies nuclearity of the cross-sectional algebra whenever the unit bundle is nuclear. For Fell bundles associated to groupoid a…
We show that if E is an equivalence of upper semicontinuous Fell bundles B and C over groupoids, then there is a linking bundle L(E) over the linking groupoid L such that the full cross-sectional algebra of L(E) contains those of B and C as complementary full corners, and likewise for reduced cross-sectional algebras. We show how our results generalise to groupoid crossed-products the fact, proved by Quigg and Spielberg, that Raeburn's symmetric imprimitivity theorem passes through the quotient map to reduced crossed products.
We consider fiberwise singly generated Fell-bundles over etale groupoids. Given a continuous real-valued 1-cocycle on the groupoid, there is a natural dynamics on the cross-sectional algebra of the Fell bundle. We study the Kubo-Martin-Schwinger equilibrium states for this dynamics. Following work of Neshveyev on equilibrium states on groupoid C*-algebras, we describe the equilibrium states of the cross-sectional algebra in terms of measurable fields of traces on the C*-algebras of the restrictions of the Fell bundle to the isotropy subgroups of the groupoid. As a special case, we obtain a des…
We consider two saturated Fell bundles over a countable discrete group, whose unit fibers are $σ$-unital $C^*$-algebras. Then by taking the reduced cross-sectional $C^*$-algebras, we get two inclusions of $C^*$-algebras. We suppose that they are strongly Morita equivalent as inclusions of $C^*$-algebras. Also, we suppose that one of the inclusions of $C^*$-algebras is irreducible, that is, the relative commutant of one of the unit fiber algebras, which is a $σ$-unital $C^*$-algebra, in the multiplier $C^*$-algebra of the reduced cross-sectional $C^*$-algebra is trivial. We show that the two sa…
A cosystem consists of a possibly nonselfadoint operator algebra equipped with a coaction by a discrete group. We introduce the concept of C*-envelope for a cosystem; roughly speaking, this is the smallest C*-algebraic cosystem that contains an equivariant completely isometric copy of the original one. We show that the C*-envelope for a cosystem always exists and we explain how it relates to the usual C*-envelope. We then show that for compactly aligned product systems over group-embeddable right LCM semigroups, the C*-envelope is co-universal, in the sense of Carlsen, Larsen, Sims and Vittade…
Given a saturated Fell bundle A over an inverse semigroup S which is semi-abelian in the sense that the fibers over the idempotents of S are commutative, we construct a twisted etale groupoid L such that A can be recovered from L in a canonical way. As an application we recover most of Renault's recent result on the classification of Cartan subalgebras of C*-algebras through twisted etale groupoids.