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arXiv 0909.2043astro-ph.EP
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海王星质量系外行星模型:涌现通量和反照率

Models of Neptune-Mass Exoplanets: Emergent Fluxes and Albedos

David S. Spiegel, Adam Burrows, Laurent Ibgui, Ivan Hubeny, John A. Milsom

摘要:

现在有许多已知的系外行星的Msin(i)是海王星的两倍,包括过境行星GJ 436 b和HAT-P-11 b。在这个质量范围内的行星与它们更大质量的表亲在几个方面不同,这些方面与它们的辐射特性和热结构有关。通过与海王星和天王星的类比,它们的金属丰度可能比那些更大,更大的行星大一个数量级或更多。这增加了它们的不透明度,降低了瑞利散射,并改变了它们的状态方程。此外,它们较小的半径意味着来自这些行星的通量大约比其他相同的气体巨行星低一个数量级。在这里,我们计算了GJ 436 b和HAT-P-11b的一系列合理的辐射平衡模型。此外,我们探讨了一系列的物理性质,包括他们的距离,他们的主恒星,他们的金属丰度,他们的恒星的光谱型,在他们的大气中的热量的重新分配,以及可能存在的额外的光学不透明度在他们的上层大气中的一般海王星质量的行星的依赖。

英文摘要:

There are now many known exoplanets with Msin(i) within a factor of two of Neptune's, including the transiting planets GJ436b and HAT-P-11b. Planets in this mass-range are different from their more massive cousins in several ways that are relevant to their radiative properties and thermal structures. By analogy with Neptune and Uranus, they are likely to have metal abundances that are an order of magnitude or more greater than those of larger, more massive planets. This increases their opacity, decreases Rayleigh scattering, and changes their equation of state. Furthermore, their smaller radii mean that fluxes from these planets are roughly an order of magnitude lower than those of otherwise identical gas giant planets. Here, we compute a range of plausible radiative equilibrium models of GJ436b and HAT-P-11b. In addition, we explore the dependence of generic Neptune-mass planets on a range of physical properties, including their distance from their host stars, their metallicity, the spectral type of their stars, the redistribution of heat in their atmospheres, and the possible presence of additional optical opacity in their upper atmospheres.

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