All existing ``positive'' results on two neutrino double beta decay in different nuclei were analyzed. Using the procedure recommended by the Particle Data Group, weighted average values for half-lives of $^{48}$Ca, $^{76}$Ge, $^{82}$Se, $^{96}$Zr, $^{100}$Mo, $^{100}$Mo - $^{100}$Ru ($0^+_1$), $^{116}$Cd, $^{130}$Te, $^{150}$Nd, $^{150}$Nd - $^{150}$Sm ($0^+_1$) and $^{238}$U were obtained. Existing geochemical data were analyzed and recommended values for half-lives of $^{128}$Te, $^{130}$Te and $^{130}$Ba are proposed. We recommend the use of these results as presently the most precise and reliable values for half-lives.
All existing positive results on two neutrino double beta decay in different nuclei were analyzed. Using the procedure recommended by the Particle Data Group, weighted average values for half-lives of $^{48}$Ca, $^{76}$Ge, $^{82}$Se, $^{96}$Zr, $^{100}$Mo, $^{100}$Mo - $^{100}$Ru ($0^+_1$), $^{116}$Cd, $^{130}$Te, $^{136}$Xe, $^{150}$Nd, $^{150}$Nd - $^{150}$Sm ($0^+_1$) and $^{238}$U were obtained. Existing geochemical data were analyzed and recommended values for half-lives of $^{128}$Te and $^{130}$Ba are proposed. I recommend the use of these results as the most currently reliable values f…
All existing positive results on two neutrino double beta decay and two neutrino double electron capture in different nuclei were analyzed. Using the procedure recommended by the Particle Data Group, weighted average values for half-lives of $^{48}$Ca, $^{76}$Ge, $^{82}$Se, $^{96}$Zr, $^{100}$Mo, $^{100}$Mo - $^{100}$Ru ($0^+_1$), $^{116}$Cd, $^{130}$Te, $^{136}$Xe, $^{150}$Nd, $^{150}$Nd - $^{150}$Sm ($0^+_1$), $^{238}$U, $^{78}$Kr and $^{124}$Xe were obtained. Existing geochemical data were analyzed and recommended values for half-lives of $^{128}$Te and $^{130}$Ba are proposed. I recommend …
All existing ``positive'' results on two neutrino double beta decay in different nuclei were analyzed. Using the procedure recommended by the Particle Data Group, weighted average values for half-lives of $^{48}$Ca, $^{76}$Ge, $^{82}$Se, $^{96}$Zr, $^{100}$Mo, $^{100}$Mo - $^{100}$Ru ($0^+_1$), $^{116}$Cd, $^{150}$Nd, $^{150}$Nd - $^{150}$Sm ($0^+_1$) and $^{238}$U were obtained. Existing geochemical data were analyzed and recommended values for half-lives of $^{128}$Te, $^{130}$Te and $^{130}$Ba are proposed. We recommend the use of these results as presently the most precise and reliable val…
All existing "positive" results on two neutrino double beta decay in different nuclei were analyzed. Using procedure recommended by Particle Data Group weighted average values for half-lives of $^{48}$Ca, $^{76}$Ge, $^{82}$Se, $^{96}$Zr, $^{100}$Mo, $^{100}$Mo - $^{100}$Ru ($0^+_1$), $^{116}$Cd, $^{150}$Nd and $^{238}$U were obtained. Existing geochemical data were analyzed and recommended values for half-lives of $^{128}$Te and $^{130}$Te are proposed. We recommend to use these results as most precise and reliable values for half-lives at this moment.
All existing positive results on two neutrino double beta decay in different nuclei were analyzed. Using the procedure recommended by the Particle Data Group, weighted average values for half-lives of $^{48}$Ca, $^{76}$Ge, $^{82}$Se, $^{96}$Zr, $^{100}$Mo, $^{100}$Mo - $^{100}$Ru ($0^+_1$), $^{116}$Cd, $^{130}$Te, $^{136}$Xe, $^{150}$Nd, $^{150}$Nd - $^{150}$Sm ($0^+_1$) and $^{238}$U were obtained. Existing geochemical data were analyzed and recommended values for half-lives of $^{128}$Te, and $^{130}$Ba are proposed. Given the measured half-life values, nuclear matrix elements were calculate…
All existing "positive" results on two neutrino double beta decay in different nuclei were analyzed. Using the procedure recommended by the Particle Data Group, weighted average values for half-lives of $^{48}$Ca, $^{76}$Ge, $^{82}$Se, $^{96}$Zr, $^{100}$Mo, $^{100}$Mo - $^{100}$Ru ($0^+_1$), $^{116}$Cd, $^{130}$Te, $^{150}$Nd, $^{150}$Nd - $^{150}$Sm($0^+_1$) and $^{238}$U were obtained. Existing geochemical data were analyzed and recommended values for half-lives of $^{128}$Te, $^{130}$Te and $^{130}$Ba are proposed. Given the measured half-life values, nuclear matrix elements were calculate…
An IAEA research project was dedicated to the compilation, evaluation and recommendation of cross-section data for the accelerator production of $^{11}$C, $^{13}$N, $^{15}$O, $^{18}$F, $^{64}$Cu, and $^{124}$I positron-emitting radionuclides clinically used for PET imaging, and for the accelerator production of two gamma emitters, $^{81}$Rb and $^{123}$I, used in SPECT imaging. Cross sections for 19 charged-particle induced reactions that can be employed for radionuclide accelerator production were evaluated including uncertainties. The resulting reference cross-section data were obtained from…
A new evaluation of 2beta-decay half lives and their systematics is presented. These data extend the previous evaluation and include the analysis of all recent measurements. The nuclear matrix elements for 2beta-decay transitions in 12 nuclei have been extracted. The recommended values are compared with the large-scale shell-model, QRPA calculations, and experimental data. A T2nu 1/2 ~ 1/E8 systematic trend has been observed for recommended 128,130Te values. This trend indicates similarities for nuclear matrix elements in Te nuclei and was predicted for 2beta(2nu)-decay mode. The complete list…
Following the successful observation of single conversion electrons from $^{83m}$Kr using Cyclotron Radiation Emission Spectroscopy (CRES), Project 8 is now advancing its focus toward a tritium beta decay spectrum. A tritium spectrum will be an important next step toward a direct measurement of the neutrino mass for Project 8. Here we discuss recent progress on the development and commissioning of a new gas cell for use with tritium, and outline the primary goals of the experiment for the near future.
Results from a search for neutrinoless double-beta decay $0νββ$ of $^{136}$Xe are presented using the first year of data taken with the upgraded EXO-200 detector. Relative to previous searches by EXO-200, the energy resolution of the detector has been improved to $σ/E$=1.23%, the electric field in the drift region has been raised by 50%, and a system to suppress radon in the volume between the cryostat and lead shielding has been implemented. In addition, analysis techniques that improve topological discrimination between $0νββ$ and background events have been developed. Incorporating these ha…
Data on superallowed Fermi beta decay in nuclei are compiled and electromagnetic corrections discussed. Recommended values for the weak vector coupling constant and the leading element of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa mixing matrix are given. Comments on neutron decay and limits extracted on extensions to the Standard Model are made.
The Gerda experiment designed to search for the neutrinoless double beta decay in 76Ge has successfully completed the first data collection. No signal excess is found, and a lower limit on the half life of the process is set, with T1/2 > 2.1x10^25 yr (90% CL). After a review of the experimental setup and of the main Phase I results, the hardware upgrade for Gerda Phase II is described, and the physics reach of the new data collection is reported.
The double-beta decay Q values of 130Te, 128Te, and 120Te have been determined from parent-daughter mass differences measured with the Canadian Penning Trap mass spectrometer. The 132Xe-129Xe mass difference, which is precisely known, was also determined to confirm the accuracy of these results. The 130Te Q value was found to be 2527.01(32) keV which is 3.3 keV lower than the 2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation recommended value, but in agreement with the most precise previous measurement. The uncertainty has been reduced by a factor of 6 and is now significantly smaller than the resolution achieved o…
The literature half-life value of 65Ga is based on only one experiment carried out more than 60 years ago and it has a relatively large uncertainty. In the present work this half-life is determined based on the counting of the gamma-rays following the beta-decay of 65Ga. Our new recommended half-life is 15.133 +- 0.028 min which is in agreement with the literature value but almost one order of magnitude more precise.
The beta-delayed alpha spectrum from the decay of 8B has been measured with a setup that minimized systematic uncertainties that affected previous measurements. Consequently the deduced neutrino spectrum presents much smaller uncertainties than the previous recommendation. The 8B neutrino spectrum is found to be harder than previously recommended with about (10-20)% more neutrinos at energies between 12-14 MeV. The efficiencies of the 37Cl, 71Ga, 40Ar, and SuperKamiokande detectors are respectively, 3.6%, 1.4%, 5.7% and 1.8% larger than previously thought.
All existing positive results on two-neutrino double beta decay and two-neutrino double electron capture in different nuclei have been analyzed. Weighted average and recommended half-life values for $^{48}$Ca, $^{76}$Ge, $^{82}$Se, $^{96}$Zr, $^{100}$Mo, $^{100}$Mo - $^{100}$Ru ($0^+_1$), $^{116}$Cd, $^{128}$Te, $^{130}$Te, $^{136}$Xe, $^{150}$Nd, $^{150}$Nd - $^{150}$Sm ($0^+_1$), $^{238}$U, $^{78}$Kr, $^{124}$Xe and $^{130}$Ba have been obtained. Given the measured half-life values, effective nuclear matrix elements for all these transitions were calculated.
CUPID is a proposed future tonne-scale bolometric neutrinoless double beta decay ($0νββ$) experiment to probe the Majorana nature of neutrinos and discover Lepton Number Violation in the so-called inverted hierarchy region of the neutrino mass. CUPID will be built on experience, expertise and lessons learned in CUORE, and will exploit the current CUORE infrastructure as much as possible. In order to achieve its ambitious science goals, CUPID aims to increase the source mass and dramatically reduce the backgrounds in the region of interest. This requires isotopic enrichment, upgraded purificati…
CUPID is a proposed future ton-scale bolometric neutrinoless double beta decay ($0νββ$) experiment to probe the Majorana nature of neutrinos and discover Lepton Number Violation in the so-called inverted hierarchy region of the neutrino mass. CUPID will be built on experience, expertise and lessons learned in CUORE, and will exploit the current CUORE infrastructure as much as possible. In order to achieve its ambitious science goals, CUPID aims to increase the source mass and dramatically reduce the backgrounds in the region of interest. This requires isotopic enrichment, upgraded purification…
For the first time, a cadmium tungstate crystal scintillator enriched in $^{116}$Cd has been succesfully tested as a scintillating bolometer. The measurement was performed above ground at a temperature of 18 mK. The crystal mass was 34.5 g and the enrichment level ~82 %. Despite a substantial pile-up effect due to above-ground operation, the detector demonstrated a high energy resolution (2-7 keV FWHM in 0.2-2.6 MeV $γ$ energy range), a powerful particle identification capability and a high level of internal radiopurity. These results prove that cadmium tungstate is an extremely promising dete…
A liquid scintillator base experiment KamLAND-Zen has set a lower limit on neutrinoless double beta decay half-life, and upgrade project KamLAND-Zen 800 has started in 2019. Unfortunately, this project expects some backgrounds, and one of the main backgrounds is beta/gamma-ray from 214Bi in container of xenon loaded liquid scintillator (mini-balloon). In order to reject the background, we suggest using scintillation film for the future mini-balloon. If we can tag alpha-ray from 214Po by scintillation detection, we can eliminate 214Bi events by delayed coincidence analysis. Recently, it was rep…
A complete and critical survey is presented of all half-life, decay-energy and branching-ratio measurements related to 20 superallowed decays; no measurements are ignored, though some are rejected for cause and others updated. A new calculation of the statistical rate function is described and experimental ft values determined. The associated theoretical corrections needed to convert these results into Ft values are discussed, and careful attention is paid to the origin and magnitude of their uncertainties. As an exacting confirmation of the conserved vector current hypothesis, the Ft values a…
AMoRE is an international project to search for the neutrinoless double beta decay of $^{100}$Mo using a detection technology consisting of magnetic microcalorimeters (MMCs) and molybdenum-based scintillating crystals. Data collection has begun for the current AMORE-I phase of the project, an upgrade from the previous pilot phase. AMoRE-I employs thirteen $^\mathrm{48depl.}$Ca$^{100}$MoO$_4$ crystals and five Li$_2$$^{100}$MoO$_4$ crystals for a total crystal mass of 6.2 kg. Each detector module contains a scintillating crystal with two MMC channels for heat and light detection. We report the …
Neutrinoless double beta decay (0v\b{eta}\b{eta}) is considered the best potential resource to access the absolute neutrino mass scale. Moreover, if observed, it will signal that neutrinos are their own anti-particles (Majorana particles). Presently, this physics case is one of the most important research "beyond Standard Model" and might guide the way towards a Grand Unified Theory of fundamental interactions. Since the 0v\b{eta}\b{eta} decay process involves nuclei, its analysis necessarily implies nuclear structure issues. In the NURE project, supported by a Starting Grant of the European R…
The GERDA collaboration is performing a sensitive search for neutrinoless double beta decay of $^{76}$Ge at the INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Italy. The upgrade of the GERDA experiment from Phase I to Phase II has been concluded in December 2015. The first Phase II data release shows that the goal to suppress the background by one order of magnitude compared to Phase I has been achieved. GERDA is thus the first experiment that will remain background-free up to its design exposure (100 kg yr). It will reach thereby a half-life sensitivity of more than 10$^{26}$ yr within 3 years of …
A new critical survey is presented of all half-life, decay-energy and branching-ratio measurements related to 20 superallowed 0+ --> 0+ beta decays. Included are 222 individual measurements of comparable precision obtained from 177 published references. Compared with our last review in 2008, we have added results from 24 new publications and eliminated 9 references, the results from which having been superseded by much more precise modern data. We obtain world-average ft-values for each of the eighteen transitions that have a complete set of data, then apply radiative and isospin-symmetry-brea…
Search for Double Beta Decays of $^{134}$Xe with EXO-200 Phase II
Stanford University（斯坦福大学）；McGill University（麦吉尔大学）；Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg（埃尔朗根-纽伦堡大学）；King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology（阿卜杜勒阿齐兹国王科学与技术城）；Carleton University（卡尔顿大学）；Duke University（杜克大学）；Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory（三角大学核实验室）；Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics named by A.I. Alikhanov of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute,”（阿尔汉诺夫国立研究库尔恰托夫研究所理论实验物理研究所）；National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute,”（库尔恰托夫国家研究中心）；University of Kentucky（肯塔基大学）；University of South Dakota（南达科他大学）；SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory（斯坦福直线加速器中心）；TRIUMF（特里姆夫）；Institute of High Energy Physics（高能物理研究所）；Witmem Technology Co., Ltd.（维特膜科技有限公司）
A search for neutrinoless double-beta decay ($0νββ$) in $^{136}$Xe is performed with the full EXO-200 dataset using a deep neural network to discriminate between $0νββ$ and background events. Relative to previous analyses, the signal detection efficiency has been raised from 80.8% to 96.4$\pm$3.0% and the energy resolution of the detector at the Q-value of $^{136}$Xe $0νββ$ has been improved from $σ/E=1.23\%$ to $1.15\pm0.02\%$ with the upgraded detector. Accounting for the new data, the median 90% confidence level $0νββ$ half-life sensitivity for this analysis is $5.0 \cdot 10^{25}$ yr with a…
The article describes the main achievements of the NUMEN project together with an updated and detailed overview of the related R&D activities and theoretical developments. NUMEN proposes an innovative technique to access the nuclear matrix elements entering the expression of the lifetime of the double beta decay by cross section measurements of heavy-ion induced Double Charge Exchange (DCE) reactions. Despite the two processes, namely neutrinoless double beta decay and DCE reactions, are triggered by the weak and strong interaction respectively, important analogies are suggested. The basic poi…
A search for Majoron-emitting modes of the neutrinoless double-beta decay of $^{136}$Xe is performed with the full EXO-200 dataset. This dataset consists of a total $^{136}$Xe exposure of 234.1 kg$\cdot$yr, and includes data with detector upgrades that have improved the energy threshold relative to previous searches. A lower limit of T$_{1/2}^{\rm{^{136}Xe}}>$4.3$\cdot$10$^{24}$ yr at 90\% C.L. on the half-life of the spectral index $n=1$ Majoron decay was obtained, a factor of 3.6 more stringent than the previous limit from EXO-200, corresponding to a constraint on the Majoron-neutrino coupli…
The CUPID-Mo experiment is searching for neutrinoless double beta decay in $^{100}$Mo, evaluating the technology of cryogenic scintillating Li$_{2}^{100}$MoO$_4$ detectors for CUPID (CUORE Upgrade with Particle ID). CUPID-Mo detectors feature background suppression using a dual-readout scheme with Li$_{2}$MoO$_4$ crystals complemented by Ge bolometers for light detection. The detection of both heat and scintillation light signals allows the efficient discrimination of $α$ from $γ$&$β$ events. In this proceedings, we discuss results from the first 2 months of data taking in spring 2019. In addi…
The large quantities of antineutrinos produced through the decay of fission fragments in nuclear reactors provide an opportunity to study the properties of these particles and investigate their use in reactor monitoring. The reactor antineutrino spectra are measured using specialized, large area detectors that detect antineutrinos through inverse beta decay, electron elastic scattering, or coherent elastic neutrino nucleus scattering; although, inverse beta decay is the only demonstrated method so far. Reactor monitoring takes advantage of the differences in the antineutrino yield and spectra …
