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arXiv 0908.3826astro-ph.IM
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射电天文大型仪器的研制

Large Instrument Development for Radio Astronomy

J. R. Fisher, R. F. Bradley, W. F. Brisken, W. D. Cotton, D. T. Emerson, A. R. Kerr, R. J. Lacasse, M. A. Morgan, P. J. Napier, R. D. Norrod, J. M. Payne, M. W.… 展开作者

J. R. Fisher, R. F. Bradley, W. F. Brisken, W. D. Cotton, D. T. Emerson, A. R. Kerr, R. J. Lacasse, M. A. Morgan, P. J. Napier, R. D. Norrod, J. M. Payne, M. W. Pospieszalski, A. Symmes, A. R. Thompson, J. C. Webber

摘要:

本白皮书提供了有关规划和开发新的大型射电天文仪器的警示性意见。复杂性是一个强大的成本驱动因素,因此应尽一切努力为不同的仪器和可能不同的地点分配不同的科学要求。共享资源的吸引力通常在实践中得不到实现,而且往往适得其反。随着需求列表的增加,仪器优化变得更加困难,开发过程更长且效率更低。由于开发时间较长,更复杂的仪器必然远远落后于最先进的技术水平。将技术研发纳入项目建设阶段是一个日益增长的趋势,这会导致更高的风险、成本超支、进度延误和项目缩小范围。目前还没有任何技术突破可以突然降低收集面积的成本。进步主要来自于对采用工业和商业市场提供的新技术的细节的认真关注。射电天文学仪器有着非常光明的未来,但需要恢复、培育和保存一个与具体项目没有直接联系的、充满活力的长期研发计划。

英文摘要:

This white paper offers cautionary observations about the planning and development of new, large radio astronomy instruments. Complexity is a strong cost driver so every effort should be made to assign differing science requirements to different instruments and probably different sites. The appeal of shared resources is generally not realized in practice and can often be counterproductive. Instrument optimization is much more difficult with longer lists of requirements, and the development process is longer and less efficient. More complex instruments are necessarily further behind the technology state of the art because of longer development times. Including technology R&D in the construction phase of projects is a growing trend that leads to higher risks, cost overruns, schedule delays, and project de-scoping. There are no technology breakthroughs just over the horizon that will suddenly bring down the cost of collecting area. Advances come largely through careful attention to detail in the adoption of new technology provided by industry and the commercial market. Radio astronomy instrumentation has a very bright future, but a vigorous long-term R&D program not tied directly to specific projects needs to be restored, fostered, and preserved.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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