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arXiv 0908.1394astro-ph.CO
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经典冷暗物质的模拟:超越宇宙学常数

Simulations of Quintessential Cold Dark Matter: beyond the cosmological constant

Elise Jennings, Carlton M. Baugh, Raul E. Angulo, Silvia Pascoli

摘要:

利用大体积N体模拟研究了不同暗能量模型下宇宙结构的非线性增长。我们考虑了一系列的精髓模型,具有快速和缓慢变化的暗能量状态方程,并比较结构的增长,在宇宙中的宇宙学常数。经典模型的采用改变了宇宙的膨胀历史,线性理论功率谱的形式,并可以改变关键的可观测量,如视界尺度和最后散射的距离。我们将这些影响分阶段纳入我们的模拟中,以隔离每种影响对结构生长的影响。结构形成的差异可以解释为一阶的增长因子在一个给定的时代的差异,这种缩放也占非线性增长在15%的水平。我们发现,在今天和高红移$(z \sim 1000)$上都不同于$Λ$ CDM的、具有晚期$(z<2)$(状态方程中的快速跃迁)特征的精粹模型,可以具有与$Λ$ CDM相同的重子声振荡(BAO)峰位。我们发现,这些模型有更高的丰度的暗物质晕在$z>0$相比$Λ$ CDM,因此测量的质量函数应该让我们区分这些精髓模型的宇宙学常数。然而,我们发现,第二类的精粹模型,其状态方程使早期的$(z>2)$快速过渡到$w=-1$,不能区分从$Λ$ CDM使用的质量函数或BAO的测量,即使这些模型具有不可忽略的金额的暗能量在早期。

英文摘要:

We study the nonlinear growth of cosmic structure in different dark energy models, using large volume N-body simulations. We consider a range of quintessence models which feature both rapidly and slowly varying dark energy equations of state, and compare the growth of structure to that in a universe with a cosmological constant. The adoption of a quintessence model changes the expansion history of the universe, the form of the linear theory power spectrum and can alter key observables, such as the horizon scale and the distance to last scattering. We incorporate these effects into our simulations in stages to isolate the impact of each on the growth of structure. The difference in structure formation can be explained to first order by the difference in growth factor at a given epoch; this scaling also accounts for the nonlinear growth at the 15% level. We find that quintessence models that are different from $Λ$CDM both today and at high redshifts $(z \sim 1000)$ and which feature late $(z<2)$, rapid transitions in the equation of state, can have identical baryonic acoustic oscillation (BAO) peak positions to those in $Λ$CDM. We find that these models have higher abundances of dark matter haloes at $z>0$ compared to $Λ$CDM and so measurements of the mass function should allow us to distinguish these quintessence models from a cosmological constant. However, we find that a second class of quintessence models, whose equation of state makes an early $(z>2)$ rapid transition to $w=-1$, cannot be distinguished from $Λ$CDM using measurements of the mass function or the BAO, even if these models have non-negligible amounts of dark energy at early times.

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