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arXiv 0907.5377astro-ph.CO
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z~2超晶格中水冰、碳氢化合物和3.3 μ m PAH的探测

Detections of water ice, hydrocarbons, and 3.3um PAH in z~2 ULIRGs

A. Sajina, H. Spoon, L. Yan, M. Imanishi, D. Fadda, M. Elitzur

摘要:

我们首次在z~2超晶格中探测到3 μ m水冰和3.4 μ m无定形烃(HAC)的吸收特征。这些都是基于深休息帧2- 8微米斯皮策IRS光谱的11个源选择其可观的硅酸盐吸收。我们的z~2源的HAC与硅酸盐的比率通常比在银河系中观察到的高2-5倍。这种HAC“过量”表明致密的原子核具有陡峭的温度梯度,而不是主要的宿主遮蔽。除了上述的分子吸收特征,我们检测到3.3微米的PAH发射功能,在我们的来源之一,三个单独的光谱显示证据it. Stacking分析表明,水冰,碳氢化合物,和PAH可能存在于大部分的这个样本,即使没有单独检测。我们的研究最意想不到的结果是缺乏明确的检测4.67微米CO气体吸收功能。只有三个来源显示出这一特征的初步迹象,其水平明显低于在当地ULIRG中观察到的水平。总的来说,我们发现,最接近我们的来源,在3- 4微米的颜色,的HAC-to-silicate和冰-硅酸盐的比例,以及低PAH等效宽度的本地类似物是由深模糊的核为主的来源。这样的源只形成局部ULIRG的一小部分,通常被认为是由埋藏的AGN主导。我们的样本表明,在绝对数量上,这样的掩埋AGN在z~2比今天至少多一个数量级。PAH的存在表明,即使被遮蔽的活动星系核通常占主导地位的功率预算,也存在显着的恒星形成水平。

英文摘要:

We present the first detections of the 3um water ice and 3.4um amorphous hydrocarbon (HAC) absorption features in z~2 ULIRGs. These are based on deep rest-frame 2-8um Spitzer IRS spectra of 11 sources selected for their appreciable silicate absorption. The HAC-to-silicate ratio for our z~2 sources is typically higher by a factor of 2-5 than that observed in the Milky Way. This HAC `excess' suggests compact nuclei with steep temperature gradients as opposed to predominantly host obscuration. Beside the above molecular absorption features, we detect the 3.3um PAH emission feature in one of our sources with three more individual spectra showing evidence for it. Stacking analysis suggests that water ice, hydrocarbons, and PAH are likely present in the bulk of this sample even when not individually detected. The most unexpected result of our study is the lack of clear detections of the 4.67um CO gas absorption feature. Only three of the sources show tentative signs of this feature and at significantly lower levels than has been observed in local ULIRGs. Overall, we find that the closest local analogs to our sources, in terms of 3-4um color, HAC-to-silicate and ice-to-silicate ratios, as well as low PAH equivalent widths are sources dominated by deeply obscured nuclei. Such sources form only a small fraction of ULIRGs locally and are commonly believed to be dominated by buried AGN. Our sample suggests that, in absolute number, such buried AGN are at least an order of magnitude more common at z~2 than today. The presence of PAH suggests that significant levels of star-formation are present even if the obscured AGN typically dominate the power budget.

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