Survey based on a talk given at the Meeting on "Theoretical and experimental aspects of the spin - statistics connection and related symmetries", Trieste, Italy - October 21-25, 2008
It was shown in the early Seventies that, in Local Quantum Theory (that is the most general formulation of Quantum Field Theory, if we leave out only the unknown scenario of Quantum Gravity) the notion of Statistics can be grounded solely on the local observable quantities (without assuming neither the commutation relations nor even the existence of unobservable charged field operators); one finds that only the well known (para)statistics of Bose/Fermi type are allowed by the key principle of local commutativity of observables. In this frame it was possible to formulate and prove the Spin and Statistics Theorem purely on the basis of First Principles.
In a subsequent stage it has been possible to prove the existence of a unique, canonical algebra of local field operators obeying ordinary Bose/Fermi commutation relations at spacelike separations. In this general guise the Spin - Statistics Theorem applies to Theories (on the four dimensional Minkowski space) where only massive particles with finite mass degeneracy can occur. Here we describe the underlying simple basic ideas, and briefly mention the subsequent generalisations; eventually we comment on the possible validity of the Spin - Statistics Theorem in presence of massless particles, or of violations of locality as expected in Quantum Gravity.
The falsification of the non-statistical interpretation of the uncertainty principle and the breakthrough of the statistical interpretation -- From the Uncertainty Principle to the Deterministic Rule
Work Extraction and Landauer's Principle in a Quantum Spin Hall Device
Landauer原理指出，系统中每一位信息的擦除至少需要消耗一个单位的能量$k_B T \ln 2$。作为回报，空白位可能被用于提取$k_B T \ln 2$量的可用功，与热力学第二定律保持一致。虽然原则上任何自旋集合都可以用作信息存储，但通过利用该资源进行工作提取原则上需要能够使用该资源的专用引擎。在这项工作中，我们专注于热和电荷输运的量子自旋霍尔器件中存在的自旋浴。我们展示了一个正确初始化的核自旋子系统如何可以用作麦克斯韦恶魔的存储器资源，以从储层中收集可用的热能，从而诱导可以为外部电负载供电的电荷电流。我们还展示了如何初始化的核自旋子系统，使用施加的偏置电流，这必然会消耗能量，从而证明朗道的原则。这提供了一种在全电设备中“能量存储”的替代方法。最后，我们提出了一个现实的设置实验观察兰道尔擦除/工作提取周期。
