Massive Galaxies in COSMOS: Evolution of Black hole versus bulge mass but not versus total stellar mass over the last 9 Gyrs?
Knud Jahnke, Angela Bongiorno, Marcella Brusa, Peter Capak, Nico Cappelluti, Mauricio Cisternas, Francesca Civano, James Colbert, Andrea Comastri, Martin Elvis,… 展开作者
Knud Jahnke, Angela Bongiorno, Marcella Brusa, Peter Capak, Nico Cappelluti, Mauricio Cisternas, Francesca Civano, James Colbert, Andrea Comastri, Martin Elvis, Günther Hasinger, Chris Impey, Katherine Inskip, Anton M. Koekemoer, Simon Lilly, Christian Maier, Andrea Merloni, Dominik Riechers, Mara Salvato, Eva Schinnerer, Nick Z. Scoville, John Silverman, Yoshi Taniguchi, Jonathan R. Trump, Lin Yan
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Published in ApJL; 7 pages, 2 figures; updated to accepted version (methods changed, results unchanged)
We constrain the ratio of black hole (BH) mass to total stellar mass of type-1 AGN in the COSMOS survey at 1<z<2. For 10 AGN at mean redshift z~1.4 with both HST/ACS and HST/NICMOS imaging data we are able to compute total stellar mass M_(*,total), based on restframe UV-to-optical host galaxy colors which constrain mass-to-light ratios. All objects have virial BH mass-estimates available from the COSMOS Magellan/IMACS and zCOSMOS surveys. We find zero difference between the M_BH--M_(*,total)-relation at z~1.4 and the M_BH--M_(*,bulge)-relation in the local Universe.
Our interpretation is: (a) If our objects were purely bulge-dominated, the M_BH--M_(*,bulge)-relation has not evolved since z~1.4. However, (b) since we have evidence for substantial disk components, the bulges of massive galaxies (logM_(*,total)=11.1+-0.25 or logM_BH~8.3+-0.2) must have grown over the last 9 Gyrs predominantly by redistribution of disk- into bulge-mass. Since all necessary stellar mass exists in the galaxy at z=1.4, no star-formation or addition of external stellar material is required, only a redistribution e.g. induced by minor and major merging or through disk instabilities. Merging, in addition to redistributing mass in the galaxy, will add both BH and stellar/bulge mass, but does not change the overall final M_BH/M_(*,bulge) ratio.
Since the overall cosmic stellar and BH mass buildup trace each other tightly over time, our scenario of bulge-formation in massive galaxies is independent of any strong BH-feedback and means that the mechanism coupling BH and bulge mass until the present is very indirect.
The black hole - bulge mass relation of Active Galactic Nuclei in the Extended Chandra Deep Field - South Survey
我们目前的研究结果,以确定是否关系,建立在当地的宇宙,质量之间的超大质量黑洞(SMBHs)和他们的宿主星系是在更高的红移。我们在扩展的钱德拉深场南巡天中建立了一个结构良好的18个X射线选择的宽线活动星系核(AGN)样本,其中0.5 < z < 1.2。这个红移范围的选择,以确保HST成像是可用的,至少有两个过滤器,括号中的4000埃的休息,从而提供可靠的恒星质量估计的主机星系占年轻和年老的恒星星族。我们计算单历元,维里黑洞质量的光谱使用广泛的镁II发射线。基本上所有的星系在我们的样本中,它们的总恒星质量的内容同意非常好,考虑到他们的BH质量,与当地的关系,不活跃的星系和活跃的SMBH。我们进一步分解成凸起和磁盘组件分别与HST点扩散函数的充分知识的总恒星质量。我们发现,约80%的样本是符合本地的M_BH-M_Bulge关系,即使72%的宿主星系显示出盘的存在。特别是,凸起为主的主机更符合当地的关系比那些突出的磁盘。我们进一步讨论了可能的物理机制,能够建立从一个扩展的磁盘的恒星在随后的八个Gyrs的凸起的恒星质量。
Rotation of classical bulges during secular evolution of barred galaxies
棒驱动的长期演化在改变盘星系的形态和运动学方面起着关键作用,导致快速旋转的方形/花生状凸起的形成。如果这些盘状星系也有一个先前存在的经典核球,那么长期演化将如何影响经典核球,以及观测性质。我们首先研究的酒吧和一个预先存在的非旋转的低质量的经典凸起,如可能存在于像银河系的星系的共同演化。它与N体模拟表明,在长期的演变过程中,这样的凸起可以获得显着的角动量发出的酒吧通过共振和随机轨道。因此,它变成了一个圆柱形旋转,各向异性和三轴物体,嵌入通过磁盘不稳定性形成的快速旋转的方形凸起中(Saha等人,2012)。复合的方形/花生状凸起也以圆柱形旋转。然后,我们表明,酒吧的增长只略有依赖于预先存在的经典凸起的旋转特性。对于最初旋转的小的经典凸起,由此产生的复合方形/花生状凸起中的圆柱旋转延伸到较低的高度(Saha & Gerhard 2012)。更大质量的经典凸起也获得了由棒发射的角动量,在大约4 Gyrs内引起了令人惊讶的大旋转支持(Saha等人准备)。
Galaxies exhibit coherent alignments with local structure in the Universe. This effect, called Intrinsic Alignments (IA), is an important contributor to the systematic uncertainties for wide-field weak lensing surveys. On cosmological distance scales, intrinsic shape alignments have been observed in red galaxies, which are usually bulge-dominated; while blue galaxies, which are mostly disc-dominated, exhibit shape alignments consistent with a null detection. However, disc-dominated galaxies typically consist of two prominent structures: disc and bulge. Since the bulge component has similar pro…
Feeding compact bulges and supermassive black holes with low angular-momentum cosmic gas at high redshift
我们使用宇宙流体动力学模拟表明,一个显着的一部分气体在高红移罕见的大质量晕几乎径向下降到他们的中心在极短的时间尺度。这一过程导致了非常致密的膨胀的形成,其特定的角动量是5-30 $smaller than the average angular momentum of the baryons in the whole halo. Such low angular momentum originates both from segregation and effective cancellation when the gas flows to the centre of the halo along well defined cold filamentary streams. These filaments penetrate deep inside the halo and connect to the bulge from multiple rapidly changing directions. Structures falling in along the filaments (satellite galaxies) or formed by gravitational instabilities triggered by the inflow (star clusters)…
The standard model of cosmology assumes that our Universe began 14 Gyrs (billion years) ago from a singular Big Bang creation. This can explain a vast range of different astrophysical data from a handful of free cosmological parameters. However, we have no direct evidence or fundamental understanding of some key assumptions: Inflation, Dark Matter and Dark Energy. Here we review the idea that cosmic expansion originates instead from gravitational collapse and bounce. The collapse generates a Black Hole (BH) of mass $ M \simeq 5 \times 10^{22} M_{\odot}$ that formed 25~Gyrs ago. As there is no …
Cosmological models predict that galaxies forming in the early Universe experience a chaotic phase of gas accretion and star formation, followed by gas ejection due to feedback processes. Galaxy bulges may assemble later via mergers or internal evolution. Here we present submillimeter observations (with spatial resolution of 700 parsecs) of ALESS 073.1, a starburst galaxy at redshift z~5, when the Universe was 1.2 billion years old. This galaxy's cold gas forms a regularly rotating disk with negligible noncircular motions. The galaxy rotation curve requires the presence of a central bulge in a…
pop-cosmos: Galaxy size evolution across structural and star-formation classifications in COSMOS-Web
Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge(剑桥大学天体物理学研究所);Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge(剑桥大学物理学院卡文迪许实验室);The Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University(斯德哥尔摩大学物理学院奥斯卡·克莱因中心);Astrophysics Group, Imperial College London(伦敦帝国理工学院天体物理学组);Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London(伦敦帝国理工学院数学系);Research Computing Services, University of Cambridge(剑桥大学研究计算服务)
The Bulge-Disk Decomposed Evolution of Massive Galaxies at 1<z<3 in CANDELS
本文介绍了在COSMOS和UKIDSS UDS巡天范围内,利用CANDELS WFC 3/IR成像,对红移范围为1<z 10^11 M太阳系的大质量星系的形态和光谱演化进行新的改进研究的结果<3. Our analysis is based on a bulge-disk decomposition of 396 galaxies with Mstar>。我们发现,通过模拟每个星系的H(160)图像,(Sersic指数n=4)和指数盘(n=1),我们可以锁定所有导出的凸起和盘成分的形态参数,并成功地再现较短波长的J(125),i(814),v(606)HST简单地通过浮动两个分量的幅度来成像。这就产生了细分的4波段HST测光的凸起和磁盘组件,没有额外的先验,以及描述的星系演化的分光光度模型。有了这些信息,我们就能够正确地确定星系的质量和星系的形成率,并发现:i)从z=3到z=1,星系从盘状星系为主向越来越突出的星系为主转变,但很少有星系在z=1时是纯粹的突出/椭圆星系; ii)虽然大多数被动星系是以膨胀为主,大多数恒星形成星系是以盘为主,但18+/-5%的被动星系是以盘为主,11+/-3%的恒星形成星系是以膨胀为主,这一结果需要用任何声称将恒星形成猝灭与形态转变联系起来的模型来解释; iii)存在一个小但重要的纯被动盘群体,它们通常比它们的恒星形成对应物更平坦轴比分布在b/a…
We explore the evolution of the stellar mass-size relation of galaxies of different morphological types and specifically bulge and disk components. We use a sample of $\sim35,000$ galaxies within a redshift range $0 < z < 1$, and stellar mass $\log_{10}(\mathrm{M}_*/\mathrm{M}_\odot) \geq 9.5$ volume-limited sample drawn from the combined DEVILS and HST-COSMOS region for which we presented a morphological classification into sub-classes of double-component (BD), pure-disk (pD), elliptical (E), and compact (C) in Paper-I and a structural decomposition into disk (D), diffuse bulge (dB), and comp…
Cosmological simulations are crucial tools in studying the Universe, but they typically do not directly match real observed structures. Constrained cosmological simulations, on the other hand, are designed to match the observed distribution of galaxies. Here we present constrained simulations based on spectroscopic surveys at a redshift of z~2.3, corresponding to an epoch of nearly 11 Gyrs ago. This allows us to 'fast-forward' the simulation to our present-day and study the evolution of observed cosmic structures self-consistently. We confirm that several previously-reported protoclusters will…
This thesis makes use of the imaging data from the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) in the Cosmic Evolution Survey (COSMOS) and the Deep Extragalactic VIsible Legacy Survey (DEVILS) field. We provide visual morphological classifications of 44,000 galaxies out to redshift $z = 1$ and above a stellar mass of $10^{9.5} M_\odot$ (D10/ACS sample). We perform a robust Bayesian bulge-disk decomposition analysis of the D10/ACS sample. This study forms one of the largest morphological classification and structural analyses catalogues in this field to date. Using the…
Swift coalescence of supermassive black holes in cosmological mergers of massive galaxies
超大质量黑洞(SMBH)在具有相当大质量的星系中无处不在。据推测,一对最初位于两个合并星系核中的SMBH将形成一个双星,并最终通过引力波的爆发而合并。到目前为止,理论模型和模拟已经无法直接预测的SMBH合并的时间尺度从头计算星系形成理论,只集中在有限的阶段的SMBH的轨道衰减的理想条件下的星系主机。预测的SMBH合并时间尺度很长,是Gyrs级的,这可能对未来的引力波搜索造成问题。在这里,我们提出了第一个多尺度的$Λ$ CDM宇宙学模拟,遵循轨道衰变的一对SMBH在合并的两个典型的大质量星系在$z\sim3$,所有的方式,以最终的合并驱动的引力波发射。质量为$\sim10^{8}$ M $_{\odot}$的两个SMBH迅速地沉降在合并残余物的核中。由于合并的耗散性质和高红移星系的内在致密性,残余物是三轴的,并且非常致密。这样的性质自然允许SMBH二进制的非常有效的硬化。SMBH合并发生在银河系核心合并后的$\sim10$百万年内,比哈勃时间小两个数量级。
The angular momentum of galaxies controls the kinematics of their stars, which in turn drives observable quantities such as the apparent radius, the bulge fraction, and the alignment with other nearby structures. To show how angular momentum of galaxies is determined, we build high (${35}\,\mathrm{pc}$) resolution numerical experiments in which we increase or decrease the angular momentum of the Lagrangian patches in the early universe. We simulate three galaxies over their histories from $z=200$ to $z=2$, each with five different choices for the angular momentum (fifteen simulations in total)…