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arXiv 1102.3188astro-ph.CO
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Lambda-CDM宇宙学中膨胀形成的另一面:局域宇宙中的无引力星系

The other side of Bulge Formation in a Lambda-CDM cosmology: Bulgeless Galaxies in the Local Universe

Fabio Fontanot, Gabriella De Lucia, David Wilman, Pierluigi Monaco

摘要:

我们研究的物理性质,形成的历史,和环境的星系没有一个显着的“经典”的球状组成部分,预测的半解析模型的星系形成和演化。这项工作是对De Lucia等人的分析的补充,(2011),在那里我们专注于在Lambda-CDM宇宙学中负责凸起组装的各种物理机制的相对贡献。我们发现,无球星系的比例是恒星质量的一个强递减函数:它们在M* > 10^12 Msun的星系中所占比例可以忽略不计,但在M* < 10^10 Msun时占主导地位。我们发现一个明确的二分法,在这个星系的人口,低质量的暗物质晕,和卫星星系的大规模集团/集群的中心星系之间。我们发现,无球星系是相对年轻的系统,它们的大部分质量聚集在低红移,但它们也可以容纳非常古老的恒星星族。由于星系星系合并被认为会导致形成一个球状组成部分,在我们的模型中,这些星系形成优先在低质量的晕,主机的卫星星系的数量很少。我们表明,所采用的星系合并模型是确定无凸星系的实际数量的一个关键因素。我们的结果表明,这些星系在理论模型中并不罕见:在z~0处,没有经典凸起的星系(但通常包括具有等效伪凸起的星系)占10^11 < M*/Msun < 10^12的星系的14%。

英文摘要:

We study the physical properties, formation histories, and environment of galaxies without a significant "classical" spheroidal component, as predicted by semi-analytical models of galaxy formation and evolution. This work is complementary to the analysis presented in De Lucia et al., (2011), where we focus on the relative contribution of various physical mechanisms responsible for bulge assembly in a Lambda-CDM cosmology. We find that the fraction of bulgeless galaxies is a strong decreasing function of stellar mass: they represent a negligible fraction of the galaxy population with M* > 10^12 Msun, but dominate at M* < 10^10 Msun. We find a clear dichotomy in this galaxy population, between central galaxies of low-mass dark matter haloes, and satellite galaxies in massive groups/clusters. We show that bulgeless galaxies are relatively young systems, that assemble most of their mass at low-redshift, but they can also host very old stellar populations. Since galaxy-galaxy mergers are assumed to lead to the formation of a spheroidal component, in our models these galaxies form preferentially in low-mass haloes that host a small number of satellites galaxies. We show that the adopted modelling for galaxy mergers represents a key ingredient in determining the actual number of bulgeless galaxies. Our results show that these galaxies are not a rare population in theoretical models: at z~0, galaxies with no classical bulge (but often including galaxies with the equivalent of pseudo-bulges) account for up to 14% of the galaxies with 10^11 < M*/Msun < 10^12.

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