A Model for Gravitational Wave Emission from Neutrino-Driven Core-Collapse Supernovae
Jeremiah W. Murphy, Christian D. Ott, Adam Burrows
备注:
30 pages in emulateapj, including 15 figures, accepted for print in ApJ. Added figures and text further describing the GW signal during the explosion phase
Abridged: Using a suite of progenitor models, neutrino luminosities, and two- dimensional (2D) simulations, we investigate the matter gravitational-wave (GW) emission from postbounce phases of neutrino-driven core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe). The relevant phases are prompt and steady-state convection, the standing accretion shock instability (SASI), and asymmetric explosions. For the stages before explosion, we propose a model for the source of GW emission. Downdrafts of the postshock-convection/SASI region strike the protoneutron star "surface" with large speeds and are decelerated by buoyancy forces. We find that the GW amplitude is set by the magnitude of deceleration and, by extension, the downdraft's speed and the vigor of postshock-convective/SASI motions. However, the characteristic frequencies, which evolve from ~100 Hz after bounce to ~300-400 Hz, are primarily independent of these speeds, but are set by the deceleration timescale, which is in turn set by the buoyancy frequency at the lower boundary of postshock convection. Consequently, the GW characteristic frequencies are dependent upon a combination of core structure attributes, specifically the dense-matter equation of state (EOS) and details that determine the gradients at the boundary, including the accretion-rate history, the EOS at subnuclear densities, and neutrino transport. During explosion, the high frequency signal wanes and is replaced by a strong low frequency, ~10s of Hz, signal that reveals the general morphology of the explosion (i.e. prolate, oblate, or spherical). However, current and near-future GW detectors are sensitive to GW power at frequencies >50 Hz. Therefore, the signature of explosion will be the abrupt reduction of detectable GW emission.
A New Multi-Dimensional General Relativistic Neutrino Hydrodynamics Code for Core-Collapse Supernovae II. Relativistic Explosion Models of Core-Collapse Supernovae
Precursors of Supernovae from Mass Eruption: Prospects for Early Warning of Nearby Core-collapse Supernovae
最近对大部分II型超新星的观测显示,在非常接近原始恒星的地方有致密的星周介质(CSM)的痕迹。如果这个CSM是在核心坍缩前几个月由爆发性质量损失产生的,那么爆发本身可能是一个前兆,有助于作为不久的将来超新星的早期预警。利用基于开放源代码CHIPS的辐射流体动力学模拟,我们从理论上模拟了一颗红超巨星的质量爆发辐射。我们发现,对于中等质量的爆发,光度通常在$10^{39}$ erg s $^{-1}$的数量级上,可以持续数百天,直到恒星爆炸,并且主要在红外线(峰值附近从-9到-11等)明亮。我们讨论的观测策略,找到这些签名从银河系和本地II型超新星。
PUSHing Core-Collapse Supernovae to Explosions in Spherical Symmetry II: Explodability and Global Properties
在先前提出的原理验证研究中,我们建立了一个参数化的球对称爆炸方法(PUSH),可以再现核心坍缩超新星的许多特征。本文超越了能够再现SN 1987 A的观测性质的具体应用,对一组广泛的非旋转、太阳金属丰度恒星祖先模型的爆炸性质进行了系统的研究,这些模型的质量范围从10.8到120 M $_\odot$,其中包括作为大质量恒星坍缩的最终结果的从中子星到黑洞的转变,以及后者与超新星和微弱/失败的超新星的关系。本文件提供了扩展的核合成预测的基础上,即将在星系演化模型中使用的文件。
Binary-Stripped Stars as Core-Collapse Supernovae Progenitors
大多数大质量恒星在其生命周期中都会经历双星的相互作用,这会改变被剥离的恒星的表面和核心结构,对它们最终成为核心坍缩超新星的命运产生重大影响。然而,迄今为止,核心坍缩超新星的模拟几乎完全集中在单个恒星的演化上。我们提出了一个系统的模拟研究的单一和双剥离的恒星具有相同的初始质量的候选人的核心坍缩超新星(11 - 21 M $_{\odot}$)。一般来说,我们发现,双星剥离的恒星核心往往是不那么紧凑,更突出,更深的硅/氧界面,并优先爆炸相应的相同初始质量的单星。这两种演化模式之间的行为二分法将对超新星统计数据产生重要影响,包括最终的中子星质量、爆炸能量和核合成产额。被剥离的双星残余物也很有可能填充最重的中子星和最轻的黑洞之间可能存在的质量差。我们的工作在两个方面有所改进,因为我们自洽地解释了坍缩前的恒星演化和随后的爆炸结果。即便如此,我们的研究结果强调需要更详细的恒星演化模型,以捕捉爆炸结果的敏感性。
Impact of neutrino pair-production rates in Core-Collapse Supernovae
在本文中,我们提出了一个仔细的研究中微子对生产的影响,核心坍缩超新星通过球对称,广义相对论模拟的两个不同的大质量恒星的祖先与能量依赖的中微子输运。我们探讨的影响和后果的基础微观物理和实施的辐射输运算法的超新星演化,中微子信号特性,和爆炸动力学。我们考虑了超新星中发现的两个主要中微子对产生过程,电子正电子湮没以及核子核子韧致辐射,并结合辐射输运算法中对这两个过程的简化和完整处理。我们发现,使用简化的处方定量影响中微子信号在10\%的水平和潜在的超新星动力学,因为我们显示的情况下,9.6 M $_\odot$祖。我们还表明,核子-核子韧致辐射相互作用的选择也可以对中微子信号产生定量的影响。一个自洽的处理与国家的最先进的微观物理的核心崩溃的精确模拟建议,但这里探讨的简化处理是计算要求较低,并在定性类似的演变结果。