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arXiv 0907.4762astro-ph.SR
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中微子驱动的核塌缩超新星的引力波辐射模型

A Model for Gravitational Wave Emission from Neutrino-Driven Core-Collapse Supernovae

Jeremiah W. Murphy, Christian D. Ott, Adam Burrows

摘要:

摘要:利用一套先驱体模型、中微子光度和二维模拟,我们研究了中微子驱动的核心坍缩超新星(CCSNe)的后反弹阶段的物质引力波(GW)发射。相关的阶段是即时和稳态对流,固定吸积激波不稳定性(SASI),和不对称爆炸。对于爆炸前的阶段,我们提出了一个模型的GW排放源。激波后对流/SASI区域的下沉气流以很大的速度撞击质子中子星的“表面”,并被浮力减速。我们发现,GW的振幅是由减速的大小,并通过扩展,下沉气流的速度和活力的震后对流/SASI运动。然而,特征频率从反弹后的~100 Hz发展到~300-400 Hz,基本上与这些速度无关,而是由减速时间尺度确定,而减速时间尺度又由激波后对流下边界处的浮力频率确定。因此,GW的特征频率取决于核心结构属性的组合,特别是密度物质状态方程(EOS)和确定边界梯度的细节,包括吸积率历史,亚核密度的EOS和中微子输运。在爆炸过程中,高频信号减弱,并被一个强的低频(约10 Hz)信号所取代,该信号揭示了爆炸的一般形态(即长球形、扁球形或球形)。然而,当前和不久的将来的GW检测器对频率>50 Hz的GW功率敏感。因此,爆炸的特征将是可探测的GW排放的突然减少。

英文摘要:

Abridged: Using a suite of progenitor models, neutrino luminosities, and two- dimensional (2D) simulations, we investigate the matter gravitational-wave (GW) emission from postbounce phases of neutrino-driven core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe). The relevant phases are prompt and steady-state convection, the standing accretion shock instability (SASI), and asymmetric explosions. For the stages before explosion, we propose a model for the source of GW emission. Downdrafts of the postshock-convection/SASI region strike the protoneutron star "surface" with large speeds and are decelerated by buoyancy forces. We find that the GW amplitude is set by the magnitude of deceleration and, by extension, the downdraft's speed and the vigor of postshock-convective/SASI motions. However, the characteristic frequencies, which evolve from ~100 Hz after bounce to ~300-400 Hz, are primarily independent of these speeds, but are set by the deceleration timescale, which is in turn set by the buoyancy frequency at the lower boundary of postshock convection. Consequently, the GW characteristic frequencies are dependent upon a combination of core structure attributes, specifically the dense-matter equation of state (EOS) and details that determine the gradients at the boundary, including the accretion-rate history, the EOS at subnuclear densities, and neutrino transport. During explosion, the high frequency signal wanes and is replaced by a strong low frequency, ~10s of Hz, signal that reveals the general morphology of the explosion (i.e. prolate, oblate, or spherical). However, current and near-future GW detectors are sensitive to GW power at frequencies >50 Hz. Therefore, the signature of explosion will be the abrupt reduction of detectable GW emission.

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