Stephen Eales, Edward L. Chapin, Mark J. Devlin, Simon Dye, Mark Halpern, David H. Hughes, Gaelen Marsden, Philip Mauskopf, Lorenzo Moncelsi, Calvin B. Netterfi… 展开作者
Stephen Eales, Edward L. Chapin, Mark J. Devlin, Simon Dye, Mark Halpern, David H. Hughes, Gaelen Marsden, Philip Mauskopf, Lorenzo Moncelsi, Calvin B. Netterfield, Enzo Pascale, Guillaume Patanchon, Gwenifer Raymond, Marie Rex, Douglas Scott, Christopher Semisch, Brian Siana, Matthew D. P. Truch, Marco P. Viero
The Balloon-borne Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (BLAST) has recently surveyed ~8.7 deg^2 centered on GOODS-South at 250, 350, and 500 microns. In Dye et al. (2009) we presented the catalogue of sources detected at 5-sigma in at least one band in this field and the probable counterparts to these sources in other wavebands. In this paper, we present the results of a redshift survey in which we succeeded in measuring redshifts for 82 of these counterparts. The spectra show that the BLAST counterparts are mostly star-forming galaxies but not extreme ones when compared to those found in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Roughly one quarter of the BLAST counterparts contain an active nucleus. We have used the spectroscopic redshifts to carry out a test of the ability of photometric redshift methods to estimate the redshifts of dusty galaxies, showing that the standard methods work well even when a galaxy contains a large amount of dust. We have also investigated the cases where there are two possible counterparts to the BLAST source, finding that in at least half of these there is evidence that the two galaxies are physically associated, either because they are interacting or because they are in the same large-scale structure. Finally, we have made the first direct measurements of the luminosity function in the three BLAST bands. We find strong evolution out to z=1, in the sense that there is a large increase in the space-density of the most luminous galaxies. We have also investigated the evolution of the dust-mass function, finding similar strong evolution in the space-density of the galaxies with the largest dust masses, showing that the luminosity evolution seen in many wavebands is associated with an increase in the reservoir of interstellar matter in galaxies.
Searching for the highest redshift sources in 250-500 micron submillimeter surveys
我们探索了一种技术，通过定位远红外尘埃峰的位置来识别Herschel/SPIRE和BLAST亚毫米巡天中最高红移（z>4）源。正如斯皮策/IRAC被用来识别恒星的“碰撞”源一样，远红外峰值也是一个红移指标;尽管后者也取决于平均尘埃温度。我们证明了一个合理的范围内的尘埃温度允许的红移范围很宽，并表明，这是不可能的约束单独使用的远红外峰的位置的物体的红移。通过拟合光谱能量分布模型，模拟赫歇尔/SPIRE测光，我们显示的实用程序的无线电和/或远红外数据在打破这种简并。有了尘埃温度分布的先验知识，就有可能获得高红移亚毫米星系候选者的统计样本。我们将这种技术应用于ECDFS的BLAST调查，以限制z>4的尘埃星系的数量。我们发现了8个+/- 2的星系，其通量密度比为S500>S350;如果我们假设所有星系都在z>4，则上限为17 +/- 4 deg-2。这是<35% of all 500 micron-selected galaxies down to S500>45 mJy（LIR> 2 e13 Lsun，z>4）。用传统的温度和红移分布模型估计，z>4的500微米峰值星系的百分比在10- 85%之间。我们的结果与其他对非常高红移亚毫米星系数密度的估计一致，并且遵循z>4时恒星形成率密度的下降。
We present a highly frequency multiplexed readout for large-format superconducting detector arrays intended for use in the next generation of balloon-borne and space-based sub-millimeter and far-infrared missions. We will demonstrate this technology on the upcoming NASA Next Generation Balloon-borne Large Aperture Sub-millimeter Telescope (BLAST-TNG) to measure the polarized emission of Galactic dust at wavelengths of 250, 350 and 500 microns. The BLAST-TNG receiver incorporates the first arrays of Lumped Element Kinetic Inductance Detectors (LeKID) along with the first microwave multiplexing …
A key goal of the Stage IV dark energy experiments Euclid, LSST and WFIRST is to measure the growth of structure with cosmic time from weak lensing analysis over large regions of the sky. Weak lensing cosmology will be challenging: in addition to highly accurate galaxy shape measurements, statistically robust and accurate photometric redshift (photo-z) estimates for billions of faint galaxies will be needed in order to reconstruct the three-dimensional matter distribution. Here we present an overview of and initial results from the Complete Calibration of the Color-Redshift Relation (C3R2) sur…
HectoMAP is a dense redshift survey of 95,403 galaxies based primarily on MMT spectroscopy with a median redshift $z = 0.345$. The survey covers 54.64 square degrees in a 1.5$^\circ$ wide strip across the northern sky centered at a declination of 43.25$^\circ$. We report the redshift, the spectral indicator D$_{n}$4000, and the stellar mass. The red selected survey is 81\% complete for 55,962 galaxies with $(g-r) > 1$ and $r <20.5$; it is 72\% complete for 32,908 galaxies with $(g-r) > 1$, $(r-i) > 0.5$ and $20.5 < r < 21.3$. Comparison of the survey basis SDSS photometry with the HSC-SSP phot…
The SHELS (Smithsonian Hectospec Lensing Survey) is a complete redshift survey covering two well-separated fields (F1 and F2) of the Deep Lens Survey. Both fields are more than 94% complete to a Galactic extinction corrected R0 = 20.2. Here we describe the redshift survey of the F1 field centered at R.A. = 00h53m25.3s and Decl = 12d33m55s; like F2, the F1 field covers 4 sq deg. The redshift survey of the F1 field includes 9426 new galaxy redshifts measured with Hectospec on the MMT (published here). As a guide to future uses of the combined survey we compare the mass metallicity relation and t…
Photometric redshifts are essential in studies of both galaxy evolution and cosmology, as they enable analyses of objects too numerous or faint for spectroscopy. The Rubin Observatory, Euclid, and Roman Space Telescope will soon provide a new generation of imaging surveys with unprecedented area coverage, wavelength range, and depth. To take full advantage of these datasets, further progress in photometric redshift methods is needed. In this review, we focus on the greatest common challenges and prospects for improvement in applications of photo-$z$'s to the next generation of surveys: - Gains…
We present a catalogue containing the redshifts of 3,660 X-ray selected targets in the XXL southern field. The redshifts were obtained with the AAOmega spectrograph and 2dF fibre positioner on the Anglo-Australian Telescope. The catalogue contains 1,515 broad line AGN, 528 stars, and redshifts for 41 out of the 49 brightest X-ray selected clusters in the XXL southern field.
The 2MASS Redshift Survey was started two decades ago with the goal of mapping the three-dimensional distribution of an all-sky flux-limited (Ks<11.75 mag) sample of ~45,000 galaxies. Our first data release (Huchra et al. 2012) presented an unprecedented uniform coverage for most of the celestial sphere, with redshifts for ~98% of our sample. However, we were missing redshifts for ~18% of the catalog entries that were located within the "Zone of Avoidance" (|b|<10 deg) -- an important region of the sky for studies of large-scale structure and cosmic flows. In this second and final data release…
Peculiar-velocity surveys of the low-redshift universe have significant leverage to constrain the growth rate of cosmic structure and test gravity. Wide-field imaging surveys combined with multi-object spectrographs (e.g. ZTF2, LSST, DESI, 4MOST) can use Type Ia supernovae as informative tracers of the velocity field, reaching few percent constraints on the growth rate $fσ_8$ at $z\lesssim0.2$ where density tracers cannot do better than $\sim10\%$. Combining the high-redshift DESI survey mapping redshift space distortions with a low-redshift supernova peculiar velocity survey using LSST and DE…
HectoMAP is a dense, red-selected redshift survey to a limiting $r = 21.3$ covering 55 square degrees in a contiguous 1.5$^\circ$ strip across the northern sky. This region is also covered by the Subaru/Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) Subaru Strategic Program (SSP) photometric survey enabling a range of applications that combine a dense foreground redshift survey with both strong and weak lensing maps. The median redshift of HectoMAP exceeds 0.3 throughout the survey region and the mean density of the redshift survey is $\sim 2000$ galaxies deg$^{-2}$. Here we report a total of 17,313 redshifts in a f…
Accurately characterizing the redshift distributions of galaxies is essential for analysing deep photometric surveys and testing cosmological models. We present a technique to simultaneously infer redshift distributions and individual redshifts from photometric galaxy catalogues. Our model constructs a piecewise constant representation (effectively a histogram) of the distribution of galaxy types and redshifts, the parameters of which are efficiently inferred from noisy photometric flux measurements. This approach can be seen as a generalization of template-fitting photometric redshift methods…
LSST will supply up to $10^6$ supernovae (SNe) to constrain dark energy through the distance-redshift ($D_L$-$z$) test. Obtaining spectroscopic SN redshifts (spec-$z$s) is unfeasible; alternatives are suboptimal and may be biased. We propose a powerful multi-tracer generalization of the Alcock-Paczynski test that pairs redshift-free distance tracers and an overlapping galaxy redshift survey. Cross-correlating $5\times 10^4$ redshift-free SNe with DESI or Euclid outperforms the classical $D_L$-$z$ test with spec-$z$s for all SN. Our method also applies to gravitational wave sirens or any redshi…
The 4MOST Cosmology Redshift Survey (CRS) will perform stringent cosmological tests via spectroscopic clustering measurements that will complement the best lensing, cosmic microwave background and other surveys in the southern hemisphere. The combination of carefully selected samples of bright galaxies, luminous red galaxies, emission-line galaxies and quasars, totalling about 8 million objects over the redshift range $z = 0.15$ to $3.5$, will allow definitive tests of gravitational physics. Many key science questions will be addressed by combining CRS spectra of these targets with data from c…
IRMaGiC: Extending Luminous Red Galaxy Selection into the Infrared with Joint Rubin Observatory's Large Survey of Space Time and Roman's High Latitude Imaging Survey
Duke University（杜克大学）；SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory（斯坦福直线加速器中心）；Stanford University（斯坦福大学）
We determine the accuracy of galaxy redshift distributions as estimated from photometric redshift probability distributions $p(z)$. Our method utilises measurements of the angular cross-correlation between photometric galaxies and an overlapping sample of galaxies with spectroscopic redshifts. We describe the redshift leakage from a galaxy photometric redshift bin $j$ into a spectroscopic redshift bin $i$ using the sum of the $p(z)$ for the galaxies residing in bin $j$. We can then predict the angular cross-correlation between photometric and spectroscopic galaxies due to intrinsic galaxy clus…
Constraint on the cosmological f(R) model from the multipole power spectrum of the SDSS luminous red galaxy sample and prospects for a future redshift survey
Photometric redshift uncertainties are a major source of systematic error for ongoing and future photometric surveys. We study different sources of redshift error caused by choosing a suboptimal redshift histogram bin width and propose methods to resolve them. The selection of a too large bin width is shown to oversmooth small scale structure of the radial distribution of galaxies. This systematic error can significantly shift cosmological parameter constraints by up to $6 \, σ$ for the dark energy equation of state parameter $w$. Careful selection of bin width can reduce this systematic by a …
Photometric surveys produce large-area maps of the galaxy distribution, but with less accurate redshift information than is obtained from spectroscopic methods. Modern photometric redshift (photo-z) algorithms use galaxy magnitudes, or colors, that are obtained through multi-band imaging to produce a probability density function (PDF) for each galaxy in the map. We used simulated data to study the effect of using different photo-z estimators to assign galaxies to redshift bins in order to compare their effects on angular clustering and galaxy bias measurements. We found that if we use the enti…
We present the measurement and interpretation of the angular power spectrum of nearby galaxies in the 2MASS Redshift Survey catalog with spectroscopic redshifts up to $z\approx 0.1$. We detect the angular power spectrum up to a multipole of $\ell\approx 1000$. We find that the measured power spectrum is dominated by galaxies living inside nearby galaxy clusters and groups. We use the halo occupation distribution (HOD) formalism to model the power spectrum, obtaining a fit with reasonable parameters. These HOD parameters are in agreement with the 2MASS galaxy distribution we measure toward the …
We demonstrate the importance of including the lensing contribution in galaxy clustering analyses with large galaxy redshift surveys. It is well known that radial cross-correlations between different redshift bins of galaxy surveys are dominated by lensing. But we show here that also neglecting lensing in the autocorrelations within one bin severely biases cosmological parameter estimation with redshift surveys. It leads to significant shifts for several cosmological parameters, most notably the scalar spectral index and the neutrino mass scale. Especially the latter parameter is one of the ma…
我们扩展了我们的研究优化的大型重子声学振荡（BAO）调查返回的最佳约束的暗能量，建立在本系列论文（帕金森等2007年）。调查星系被假定为预先选定的活动，恒星形成星系观察到他们的线发射与一个恒定的数密度在整个红移箱。恒星形成星系在1.6 < z < 2的区域有一个红移沙漠，因此这个红移范围被排除在分析之外。我们使用Seo & Eisenstein（2007）拟合公式来计算BAO测量的准确性，只使用功率谱的振荡部分的信息作为距离和膨胀率标尺。我们超越了我们以前的分析，包括曲率的最佳调查配置和更新预期的普朗克和SDSS的约束的影响。我们再次发现，最佳的调查策略包括最小化曝光时间和最大化调查区域（在仪器限制范围内），所有的时间都应该花在观测低红移范围（z<1.6），而不是超越红移沙漠，z>2。我们发现，当假设宇宙是平坦的时，最佳巡天测量的红移范围是0.1 < z <0.7，但如果把曲率作为一个讨厌的参数，我们需要把最大红移推到1.35，以消除曲率和演化的暗能量之间的简并。包含预期的其他数据集（如WiggleZ，BOSS和第三阶段SN-Ia调查）消除了测量低于红移0.9的必要性，并将最大红移推高至1.5。我们讨论的考虑因素，在确定最佳的调查策略，在真正的基础宇宙学模型的不确定性。
