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arXiv 0907.3075astro-ph.HE
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质子中子星中一种新的可能的夸克-强子混合相

A new possible quark-hadron mixed phase in protoneutron stars

G. Pagliara, M. Hempel, J. Schaffner-Bielich

摘要:

高密度下强子物质到夸克物质的相变可能是强的一级相变,因为两相之间存在大的表面张力。虽然这意味着冷物质和催化物质的恒压混合相,但在质子中子星中形成的热物质和富含轻子的物质并非如此。我们证明了在中微子俘获阶段,考虑轻子数的整体守恒,可以得到一个具有非恒压的混合相。反过来,它允许一种新的混合相的出现,只要中微子被捕获,并在去质子化过程中逐渐消失。这种新的混合相由两个电中性相组成,不形成库仑晶格,仅由具有宏观尺寸的球形结构、液滴和气泡形成。在去质子化结束时混合相的消失可能会导致恒星延迟坍缩成一个包含纯夸克相核心的更紧凑的结构。在这种情况下,预计会有大量的中微子发射,可能还有引力波。

英文摘要:

The phase transition from hadronic matter to quark matter at high density might be a strong first order phase transition in presence of a large surface tension between the two phases. While this implies a constant-pressure mixed phase for cold and catalyzed matter this is not the case for the hot and lepton rich matter formed in a protoneutron star. We show that it is possible to obtain a mixed phase with non-constant pressure by considering the global conservation of lepton number during the stage of neutrino trapping. In turn, it allows for the appearance of a new kind of mixed phase as long as neutrinos are trapped and its gradual disappearance during deleptonization. This new mixed phase, being composed by two electric neutral phases, does not develop a Coulomb lattice and it is formed only by spherical structures, drops and bubbles, which can have macroscopic sizes. The disappearance of the mixed phase at the end of deleptonization might lead to a delayed collapse of the star into a more compact configuration containing a core of pure quark phase. In this scenario, a significant emission of neutrinos and, possibly, gravitational waves are expected.

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