Stefan Bretzel, Gerrit E. W. Bauer, Yaroslav Tserkovnyak, Arne Brataas
The Barnett effect refers to the magnetization induced by rotation of a demagnetized ferromagnet. We describe the location and stability of stationary states in rotating nanostructures using the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation. The conditions for an experimental observation of the Barnett effect in different materials and sample geometries are discussed.
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The interaction of polarized light with a spin in the presence of dissipation is shown to be equivalent to a spin transfer process that can cause switching. In plasmas, the spin transfer is dominated by a spin-spin exchange term while at lower energy densities it is dominated by an optical Barnett-like effect. This latter effect is used in conjunction with optical phonons to predict femtosecond magnetization reversal believed to be recently measured in GdCoFe thin films. Conventional approaches based on the Bloch and the Landau-Lifshitz equations do not reproduce this ultrafast switching.
We exploit the intrinsic structural instability of the Fe70Pd30 magnetic shape memory alloy to obtain functional epitaxial films exhibiting a self-organized nanostructure. We demonstrate that coherent epitaxial straining by 54% is possible. The combination of thin film experiments and large-scale first-principles calculations enables us to establish a lattice relaxation mechanism, which is not expected for stable materials. We identify a low twin boundary energy compared to a high elastic energy as key prerequisite for the adaptive nanotwinning. Our approach is versatile as it allows to contro…
Coral Pt islands films are deposited via electrochemical reduction on silica coated nanostructured Ag electrodes. From these devices surface enhanced (resonance) Raman [SE(R)R] signals of molecules exclusively attached to Pt are obtained with intensities up to 50% of the value determined for Ag. SE(R)R spectroscopic investigations are carried out with different probe molecules, silica coating thicknesses and excitation lines. Additionally, field enhancement calculations on Ag-SiO2-Pt support geometries are performed to elucidate the influence of the Pt island film nanostructure on the observed…
Nanoscale lithography on La$_{0.7}$Sr$_{0.3}$MnO$_{3}$ (LSMO) thin film surfaces has been performed by scanning tunneling microscopy under ambient conditions. From line-etching experiments we found that the line depth is increasing in a step-wise fashion with increasing bias voltage as well as with decreasing scan speed. On average, the depth of the etched lines is an integral multiple of the LSMO out-of-plane lattice constant about 0.4 nm. A minimum wall thickness of 1.5 nm was obtained between etched lines. We have utilized the ability to control the etched line depths to create complicated …
Nanostructured thin films of indium oxide nanocrystals confined in alumina matrixes
本研究通过共粉碎法制备尺寸小于10纳米的氧化铟纳米晶限域于氧化铝基体的薄膜，优化沉积与退火条件获得立方相晶序，并分析其光学带隙等性质。
In this work we discuss the use of interferometric measurement technique to study microwave magnetization dynamics on ferromagnetic nanostructures. We demonstrate that in this way one can resolve features which are impossible to resolve with broadband ferromagnetic resonance and traveling spin wave spectroscopy otherwise.
We report broadband ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) measurements based on a coplanar waveguide (CPW) of ultrathin magnetic film structures that comprise in-plane/out-of-plane decoupled layers deposited on nonmagnetic buffer layers of various thickness or other buffer structures with a diverse sheet resistance. We show that the excitation of the fundamental mode can be substantially (up to 10 times) enhanced in the structures deposited on buffer layers with a low sheet resistance in comparison to the structures deposited on thin or weakly conducting buffer layers. The results are analyzed in term…
In this paper, an optoelectronic device simulation framework valid for arbitrary spatial variation of electronic potentials and optical modes, and for transport regimes ranging from ballistic to diffusive, is used to study non-local photon absorption, photocurrent generation and carrier extraction in ultra-thin film and nanostructure-based solar cell devices at the radiative limit. Among the effects that are revealed by the microscopic approach and which are inaccessible to macroscopic models is the impact of structure, doping or bias induced nanoscale potential variations on the local photoge…
We present a comparative study of the (magneto)transport properties, including Hall effect, of bulk, thin film and nanostructured MnSi. In order to set our results in relation to published data we extensively characterize our materials, this way establishing a comparatively good sample quality. Our analysis reveals that in particular for thin film and nanostructured material, there are extrinsic and intrinsic contributions to the electronic transport properties, which by modeling the data we separate out. Finally, we discuss our Hall effect data of nanostructured MnSi under consideration of th…
The interplay between magnetic and superconductive films is studied. The generalized London equation for this system is solved, and the magnetic fields, the energy and the interaction forces are computed. In particular, we focus on how to manipulate vortices using magnetic nanostructures.
We study the modification of micromagnetic configurations in nanostructures, due to the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) that appear at the interface of an ultrathin film. We show that this interaction leads to new micromagnetic boundary conditions that bend the magnetization at the edges. We explore several cases of ultrathin film nanostructures that allow analytical calculations (1D systems, domain walls, cycloids and skyrmions), compare with fully numerical calculations, and show that a good physical understanding of this new type of micromagnetics can be reached. We particularly foc…
The kinetics of the orientation of Disperse Orange 3 molecules embedded in amorphous and nanostructured Polymethylmethacrylate films was studied under the effect of an intense electrostatic poling field. Non-centrosymmetric chromophore distributions were obtained in Polymethylmethacrylate films by Corona poling technique. These distributions depends on the Corona poling time. The changes in the orientation of the Disperse Orange 3 molecules were followed by in-situ transmitted Second Harmonic Generation measurements. The Second Harmonic Generation signal was recorded as function of time at sev…
We demonstrate that a direct focused laser beam irradiation is able to achieve localized modification on GeSe2 nanostructures (NSs) film. Using scanning focused laser beam setup, micropatterns on GeSe2 NSs film are created directly on the substrate. Controlled structural and chemical changes of the NSs are achieved by varying laser power and treatment environment. The laser modified GeSe2 NSs exhibit distinct optical, electrical and optoelectrical properties. Detailed characterization is carried out and the possible mechanisms for the laser induced changes are discussed. The laser modified NSs…
We report a method for fabricating nanogaps directly with electron beam lithography (EBL). The primary resolution-limit of EBL, electron back-scattering, is reduced dramatically by using a thin-film as a substrate. We show that this resolution enhancement allows one to fabricate metal electrodes with separation from arbitrarily large to under one nanometer. Furthermore, because these nanogaps are on a thin film, they can be imaged with high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Using these nanogaps we measured the charge transport through several coupled PbSe nanocrystals and co…
Aluminum, as a metallic material for plasmonics, is of great interest because it extends the applications of surface plasmon resonance into the ultraviolet (UV) region and excels noble metals in the natural abundance, cost and compatibility with modern semiconductor fabrication process. Here, we present UV to near-infrared (NIR) plasmonic resonance of single-crystalline aluminum nanoslits and nanoholes. The high-definition nanostructures are fabricated with focused ion-beam (FIB) milling into an ultrasmooth single-crystalline aluminum film grown on a semiconducting GaAs substrate with molecula…
The profile of suspended silicon nitride thin films patterned with one-dimensional subwavelength grating structures is investigated using Atomic Force Microscopy. We first show that the results of the profilometry can be used as input to Rigorous Coupled Wave Analysis simulations to predict the transmission spectrum of the gratings under illumination by monochromatic light at normal incidence and compare the results of the simulations with experiments. Secondly, we observe sharp vertical deflections of the films at the boundaries of the patterned area due to local modifications of the tensile …
We propose a simple experimental technique to separately map the emission from electric and magnetic dipole transitions close to single dielectric nanostructures, using a few nanometer thin film of rare-earth ion doped clusters. Rare-earth ions provide electric and magnetic dipole transitions of similar magnitude. By recording the photoluminescence from the deposited layer excited by a focused laser beam, we are able to simultaneously map the electric and magnetic emission enhancement on individual nanostructures. In spite of being a diffraction-limited far-field method with a spatial resoluti…
Within the context of superconducting gap engineering, Al-\alox-Al tunnel junctions have been used to study the variation in superconducting gap, $Δ$, with film thickness. Films of thickness 5, 7, 10 and 30 nm were used to form the small area superconductor-insulator-superconductor (SIS) tunnel junctions. In agreement with previous measurements we have observed an increase in the superconducting energy gap of aluminium with a decrease in film thickness. In addition, we find grain size in small area films with thickness \textbf{$\geq$} 10 nm has no appreciable effect on energy gap. Finally, we …
We report a versatile water-based method for transferring nanostructures onto surfaces of various shapes and compositions. The transfer occurs through the intercalation of a layer of water between a hydrophilic substrate and a hydrophobic nanostructure (for example, graphene flakes, carbon nanotubes, metallic nanostructures, quantum dots, etc) locked within a hydrophobic polymer thin film. As a result, the film entrapping the nanostructure is lifted off and floats at the air-water interface. The nanostructure can subsequently be deposited onto a target substrate by the removal of the water and…
Controlled dewetting and phase transition hysteresis of VO2 nanostructures
研究通过光刻图案化、可控结晶和脱湿技术实现VO2纳米结构相变控制，展现其在高效光子器件中的应用潜力。
Transport measurements on thin films of NdNiO$_3$ reveal a crossover to a regime of pronounced nonlinear conduction below the well-known metal-insulator transition temperature. The evolution of the transport properties at temperatures well below this transition appears consistent with a gradual formation of a gap in the hole-like Fermi surface of this strongly correlated system. As $T$ is decreased below the nominal transition temperature, transport becomes increasily non-Ohmic, with a model of Landau-Zener breakdown becoming most suited for describing $I(V)$ characteristics as the temperature…
Recently, a logarithmic decrease of conductivity has been observed in topological insulators at low temperatures, implying a tendency of localization of surface electrons. Here, we report quantum transport experiments on the topological insulator Bi2Te3 thin films with arrayed antidot nanostructures. With increasing density of the antidots, a systematic decrease is observed in the slope of the logarithmic temperature-dependent conductivity curves, indicating the electron-electron interaction can be tuned by the antidots. Meanwhile, the weak anti-localization effect revealed in magnetoconductiv…
Various nanostructured thin solid films on silicate based glass plates commonly used as substrates in contemporary vacuum technologies are studied. Evolution of mesostructured spiral and spiral crack patterns as a result of shrinkage or crystalliz4 tion processes is demonstrated. It is established that the surface hydrated layer of the glass is liable for the patterning observed. Evidence is presented supporting a mechanism of selforganization phenomena in the systems studied. It is found that nano-sized sol gel silica thin film can be successfully used as a model system of the surface hydrate…
We have characterized a film of Ge_0.9Mn_0.1 forming self-organized nanocolumns perpendicular to the Ge substrate with high resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy combined with electron energy loss spectroscopy, and bulk magnetization and positive muon spin rotation and relaxation (muSR) measurements. The Mn-rich nanocolumns form a triangular lattice with no detectable Mn atoms in the matrix. They consist of cores surrounded by shells. The combined analysis of bulk magnetization and muSR data enables us to characterize the electronic and magnetic properties of both the cores and …
Characteristic results of magnetism in small particles and thin films are presented. As a consequence of the reduced atomic coordination in small clusters and thin films the electronic states and density of states modify. Thus magnetic moments and magnetization are affected. In tunnel junctions interplay of magnetism, spin currents and superconductivity are of particular interest. Results are given for single transition metal clusters, cluster ensembles, thin films and tunnel systems. Interesting behavior of tunnel currents and currents induced by Aharonov-Bohm effect into mesoscopic rings etc…
Enhanced room temperature ferromagnetism in nanostructured MoS2 flakes by hydrogen post-treatment: Combined experimental and first-principles-based studies
该研究通过氢退火和氢辐照调控纳米结构MoS2薄膜的硫空位、氢吸附与边缘结构，将室温饱和磁化强度从1.66 emu/g提升至2.7 emu/g，并结合第一性原理计算揭示边缘取向、S空位和H吸附对磁矩的增强机制。
We demonstrate patterned growth of epitaxial yttrium iron garnet (YIG) thin films using lithographically defined templates on gadolinium gallium garnet (GGG) substrates. The fabricated YIG nanostructures yield the desired crystallographic orientation, excellent surface morphology, and narrow ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) linewidth (~ 4 Oe). Shape-induced magnetic anisotropy is clearly observed in a patterned array of nanobars engineered to exhibit the larger coercivity (40 Oe) compared with that of continuous films. Both hysteresis loop and angle-dependent FMR spectra measurements indicate tha…
Crystalline Silicon-on-Sapphire (SOS) films were implanted with boron (B$^+$) and phosphorous (P$^+$) ions. Different samples, prepared by varying the ion dose in the range $10^{14}$ to 5 x $10^{15}$ and ion energy in the range 150-350 keV, were investigated by the Raman spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy and glancing angle x-ray diffraction (GAXRD). The Raman results from dose dependent B$^+$ implanted samples show red-shifted and asymmetrically broadened Raman line-shape for B$^+$ dose greater than $10^{14}$ ions cm$^{-2}$. The asymmetry and red shift in the Raman line-shape i…
Exotic manipulation of the flow of photons in nanoengineered semiconductor materials with an aperiodic distribution of nanostructures plays a key role in efficiency-enhanced and industrially viable broadband photonic technologies. Through a generic deterministic nanotechnological route, in addition to periodic, transversely quasicrystallographic or disordered random photonic lattices, here we show scalable nanostructured semiconductor thin films on large area nanoimprinted substrates up to 4cm^2 with advanced functional features of aperiodic composite nanophotonic lattices having tailorable su…
As an interesting surface plasmon phenomenon discovered several years ago, electromagnetic field redistribution in nanoparticle dimer on film system provides a novel thought to enhance the light power on a plain film which could been widely used in surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), solar cells, photo-catalysis, etc. Homodimers on film are mainly investigated in past years, while the properties of heterodimers on film are still unclear. In this work, size difference induced electromagnetic field redistribution in Ag nanoparticle dimer on Au film system is investigated first. The results…
With a reduction in the average grain size in nanostructured films of elemental Nb, we observe a systematic crossover from metallic to weakly-insulating behavior. An analysis of the temperature dependence of the resistivity in the insulating phase clearly indicates the existence of two distinct activation energies corresponding to inter-granular and intra-granular mechanisms of transport. While the high temperature behavior is dominated by grain boundary scattering of the conduction electrons, the effect of discretization of energy levels due to quantum confinement shows up at low temperatures…
It is shown how the combination of atomic deposition and nonlinear diffusion may lead, below a critical temperature, to the growth of nonuniform layers on a substrate. The dynamics of such a system is of the Cahn-Hilliard type, supplemented by reaction terms representing adsorption-desorption processes. The instability of uniform layers leads to the formation of nanostructures which correspond to regular spatial variations of substrate coverage. Since coverage inhomogeneities generate internal stresses, the coupling between coverage evolution and film elasticity fields is also considered, for …
Two types of spintronic devices on the base of magnetic nanostructures containing silicon dioxide films with cobalt nanoparticles SiO2(Co) on GaAs substrate - magnetic sensors and field-effect transistor governed by applied magnetic field - are studied. Magnetic sensors are based on the injection magnetoresistance effect. This effect manifests itself in avalanche suppression by the magnetic field in GaAs near the SiO2(Co)/GaAs interface. Field-effect transistor contains the SiO2(Co) film under gate. It is found that the magnetic field action leads to great changes in electron mobility in the c…
Low-damage electron beam lithography for nanostructures on Bi$_2$Te$_3$-class topological insulator thin films
本文针对Bi$_2$Se$_3$族拓扑绝缘体纳米加工易受损的问题，证明10 kV低加速电压电子束光刻能将损伤降至低温电子输运无法检测的最小水平，并通过优化光刻胶等参数可靠实现100 nm精细特征。
We report an anomalous matching effect in MoGe thin films containing pairs of circular holes arranged in such a way that four of those pairs meet at each vertex point of a square lattice. A remarkably pronounced fractional matching was observed in the magnetic field dependences of both the resistance and the critical current. At the half matching field the critical current can be even higher than that at zero field. This has never been observed before for vortices in superconductors with pinning arrays. Numerical simulations within the nonlinear Ginzburg-Landau theory reveal a square vortex ic…
Ex Situ Fabrication of Superconducting Nanostructures for Low-Temperature STM
本文提出将非原位光刻与原位超高真空解理翻转相结合，制备原子级清洁的拓扑绝缘体-超导体纳米结构，并通过STM/STS验证垂直邻近耦合，为拓扑超导研究提供可扩展平台。
External magnetic fields enhance capture of magnetic nanoparticles flowing through molded microfluidic channels by ferromagnetic nanostructures
本研究探究微流控环境下四种几何构型的坡莫合金反点纳米结构对磁性纳米颗粒的捕获效率，发现施加外静磁场可显著提升捕获效率，其中平行于薄膜平面的磁场下圆形反点捕获效率最高，证实了磁场和结构构型的关键作用。
Coupled semiconductor nanostructures with a high degree of tunability are fabricated using local oxidation with a scanning force microscope. Direct oxidation of the GaAs surface of a Ga[Al]As heterostructure containing a shallow two-dimensional electron gas is combined with the local oxidation of a thin titanium film evaporated on top. A four-terminal quantum dot and a double quantum dot system with integrated charge readout are realized. The structures are tunable via in-plane gates formed by isolated regions in the electron gas and by mutually isolated regions of the Ti film acting as top ga…
Transitions to immeasurably small electrical resistance in thin films of Ag/Au nanostructure-based films have generated significant interest because such transitions can occur even at ambient temperature and pressure. While the zero-bias resistance and magnetic transition in these films have been reported recently, the non-equilibrium current-voltage ($I-V$) transport characteristics at the transition remains unexplored. Here we report the $I-V$ characteristics at zero magnetic field of a prototypical Ag/Au nanocluster film close to its resistivity transition at the critical temperature $T_{C}…
Magnetic insulators such as yttrium iron garnet, Y3Fe5O12, with extremely low magnetic damping have opened the door for low power spin-orbitronics due to their low energy dissipation and efficient spin current generation and transmission. We demonstrate reliable and efficient epitaxial growth and nanopatterning of Y3Fe5O12 thin-film based nanostructures on insulating Gd3Ga5O12 substrates. In particular, our fabrication process is compatible with conventional sputtering and liftoff, and does not require aggressive ion milling which may be detrimental to the oxide thin films. Structural and magn…
A summary is given of a talk on the physics and technology of hybrid metallic nanostructures, with a view to metallic nanoelectronics. In the beginning of the talk it was noted that the majority of the presentations at the conference were not concerned with electronics but the physics of sensors, since they were devoted to studies of the influence of temperature, magnetic field, whereas electronics is all about modulation of electrical conductance by electrical means. An overview was given of the latest research into electric field effects in metals, including quantum field effects and effects…
Stimulated low frequency Raman scattering (SLFRS) in single-crystal diamond films (SCD) with a graphitized layer built-in is investigated. SLFRS process in all studied structures has frequency shift in gigahertz range (5.1-13.2 GHz). Coherent phonon mode excitation at a frequency of several GHz is a result of nonlinear interaction of high-power laser wave with submicron films. SLFRS conversion efficiency and threshold is estimated experimentally. Comparison of the obtained results with data on SLFRS properties in synthetic opal matrixes is made.
A particular interesting plasmonic system is that of metallic nanostructures interacting with metal films. As the LSPR behavior of gold nanostructures (Au NPs) on the top of a gold thin film is exquisitely sensitive to the spacer distance of the film-Au NPs, we investigate in the present work the influence of a few-layered graphene spacer on the LSPR behavior of the NPs. The idea is to evidence the role of few-layered graphene as one of the thinnest possible spacer. We first show that the coupling to the Au film induces a strong lowering at around 507nm and sharpening of the main LSPR of the A…
Polyalanine molecules (PA) with an α-helix conformation gathered recently a lot of interest as the propagation of electrons through the chiral backbone structure comes along with spin polarization of the transmitted electrons. By means of scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy at ambient conditions, PA molecules adsorbed on surfaces of epitaxial magnetic Al2O3/Pt/Au/Co/Au nanostructures with perpendicular anisotropy were studied. Thereby, a correlation between the PA molecules ordering at the surface with the electron tunneling across this hybrid system as a function of the substrate m…
Coupling between dynamic strain and magnetization in ferromagnetic thin films has attracted special consideration as it presents both intriguing fundamental physics problems and technological importance for potential multi-functional devices and information handling. The dynamic strain can be generated by acoustic waves including bulk, surface or guided waves. In this work, we propose the theoretical and experimental investigation of the interaction of pure shear horizontal (SH) wave with a uniaxial multilayered TbCo2/FeCo thin film in a delay line configuration fabricated on Quartz ST-90X cut…
We derive the effective dimensionally reduced Schödinger equation for electrons in strain-driven curved nanostructures by adiabatic separation of fast and slow quantum degrees of freedom. The emergent strain-induced geometric potential strongly renormalizes the purely quantum curvature-induced potential and enhances the effects of curvature by several orders of magnitude. Applying this analysis to nanocorrugated films shows that this curvature-induced potential leads to strongly enhanced electron localization and the opening of substantial band gaps.
Enhancing the Capture of Magnetic Nanoparticles Inside of Ferromagnetic Nanostructures Using External Magnetic Fields
本研究通过模拟与实验探究外磁场方向对铁磁反点/点纳米结构捕获130nm磁性纳米颗粒的影响，发现平行表面磁场可显著提升内部捕获效率，垂直磁场则降低效率并使颗粒聚集于结构边缘。
Classical nonlocality in conducting nanostructures has been shown to dramatically alter the linear optical response, by placing a fundamental limit on the maximum field enhancement that can be achieved. This limit directly extends to all nonlinear processes, which depend on field amplitudes. A study of third-harmonic generation in metal film-coupled nanowires reveals that for sub-nanometer vacuum gaps the nonlocality enhances the effective nonlinearity by four orders of magnitude as the field penetrates deeper inside the metal than that predicted assuming a purely local electronic response.
Nanostructured films obtained by the assembling of preformed atomic clusters are of strategic importance for a wide variety of applications. The deposition of clusters produced in the gas phase onto a substrate offers the possibility to control and engineer the structural and functional properties of the cluster-assembled films. To date the microscopic mechanisms underlying the growth and structuring of cluster-assembled films are poorly understood, and in particular the transition from the sub-monolayer to the thin film regime is experimentally unexplored. Here we report the systematic charac…
Discrete-to-Continuum Limits of Long-Range Electrical Interactions in Nanostructures
本文研究了螺旋纳米管和均匀弯曲薄膜中静电相互作用的离散到连续极限，发现极限能本质上是局部的，且同时依赖于偶极子场的切向和法向分量。
We use quantum electrodynamics and the confinement-induced nonlocal dielectric response model based on the Keldysh-Rytova electron interaction potential to study the epsilon-near-zero modes of metallic films in the transdimensional regime. New peculiar effects are revealed such as the plasmon mode degeneracy lifting and the dipole emitter coupling to the split epsilon-near-zero modes, leading to thickness-controlled spontaneous decay with up to three-orders-of-magnitude increased rates.
The surface of thin-film solar cells can be tailored with photonic nanostructures to allow light trapping in the absorbing medium. This in turn increases the optical thickness of the film and thus enhances their absorption. Such a coherent light trapping is generally accomplished with deterministic photonic architectures. Here, we experimentally explore the use of a different nanostructure, a disordered one, for this purpose. We show that the disorder-induced modes in the film allow improvements in the absorption over a broad range of frequencies and impinging angles.
Metallic nanostructures can support so-called plasma oscillations (plasmons). Plasmons allow for the concentration of the energy from light, down to sizes well below the conventional diffraction limit known from optics. Plasmonics thus allows for a plethora of new optical applications at the nanoscale. In this thesis, we have investigated the optical and plasmonic properties of semi-continuous gold films (also called percolation films). These films consist of complex tortuous fractal patterns on the nanoscale. They are an easy, fast, and scalable method to fabricate metallic nanostructures. We…
The two-dimensional layered compound PdCoO$_2$ is one of the best oxide conductors, providing an intriguing research arena opened by the long mean free path and the very high mobility of ~51000 cm2/Vs. These properties turn PdCoO$_2$ into a candidate material for nanoscale quantum devices. By exploring universal conductance fluctuations originating at nanoscale PdCoO$_2$ Hall-bar devices, we determined the phase coherence length of electron transport in c-axis oriented PdCoO$_2$ thin films to equal ~100 nm. The weak temperature dependence of the measured phase coherence length suggests that de…
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