Alexander A. Chernitskii
We consider the unification problem for the gravitational and electromagnetic interactions and its possible solution on the basis of the existence of an effective Riemannian space in nonlinear electrodynamics
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Within the context of a $5D$ space-time, we construct a unified theory of gravity and electromagnetism from which the Einstein field equations and Maxwell equations emerge, with homogenous Maxwell equations appearing naturally. We also introduce a well-defined five dimensional energy-momentum tensor consistent with our unification scheme. A correction term appears in Maxwell equations which can be used to explain the recently discovered galactic magnetic fields.
It is shown that the pre-metric approach to Maxwell's equations provides an alternative to the traditional Einstein-Maxwell unification program, namely, that electromagnetism and gravitation are unified in a different way that makes the gravitational field a consequence of the electromagnetic constitute properties of spacetime, by way of the dispersion law for the propagation of electromagnetic waves.
It is shown that unification of gravity and electromagnetism can be achieved using an affine non-symmetric connection $Γ^λ_{μν} \neq Γ^λ_{νμ}$ and $Γ_μ= Γ^λ_{[μλ]}\neq 0$. $Γ_μ$ is shown to be the source of the electromagnetic field. This unification is based on {\em projective invariance} which is broken by matter fields, opening up the possibility of a unified theory of all forces in which gravity emerges as a classical field.
Principles of Maxwell, Lorentz, Milne, Dirac and Feynman are combined to unify gravity with electromagnetism.
Unification of gravity and electromagnetism based on a theory with an affine non-symmetric connection $Γ^λ_{μν} \neq Γ^λ_{νμ}$ and $Γ_μ= Γ^λ_{[μλ]}\neq 0$, proposed by S. N. Bose in 1953, is revisited in the context of modern developments in high energy physics. It is shown that electrogravity unification can be achieved at a {\em premetric} stage, and that this unification based on {\em projective invariance} is broken by matter fields, opening up the possibility of a unified theory of all forces in which gravity emerges as a classical field. The theory predicts $α_{sym} = \frac{1}{9}$ in the…
Pfaff systems theory and the unifications of gravitation and electromagnetism
我们显示在Pfaff系统理论的框架下，一个合适的对合微分方程系统的一般解析解的函数依赖性描述的共形和“庞加莱”李方程的解析解之间的差异。然后，我们归因于参数化泛函的一些物理意义的电磁和引力势的无穷小的变化。我们还推导出它们相应的相互作用场以及它们必须满足的微分方程。然后我们讨论了各种可能的物理解释。
Comments on the Unification of Electromagnetism and Gravitation through "Generalized Einstein manifolds"
H. Akbar-Zadeh最近提出了（J Geom Phys 17（1995）342）一种新的关于广义Einstein流形的Einstein-Maxwell系统的几何表述。我们表明，相反的索赔，麦克斯韦方程组没有推导出在这个配方，假设的方程可以被确定为无源麦克斯韦方程组在建议的几何设置。一个真正的推导无源麦克斯韦方程组在同一框架内。我们得出的结论是，建议的统一计划只能适用于无源的情况。
The phenomenological consequences of unification of Einstein gravity and electromagnetism in an early phase of a Machian universe with a very small and uniform electrical charge density $ρ_q$ are explored. A form of the Strong Equivalence Principle for unified electrogravity is first formulated, and it immediately leads to (i) the empirical Schuster-Blackett law relating the magnetic moments and angular momenta of neutral astronomical bodies, (ii) an analogous relation between the linear acceleration of neutral massive bodies and associated electric fields, (iii) gravitational lensing in exces…
Space-time Curvature of Classical Electromagnetism
发现了电磁场携带的时空曲率，发现了几何学与电磁学的新统一：曲率在电荷反转对称下是不变的。用De Rham上同调理论研究了电磁场方程。辐射电磁场必须是精确的和共精确的，以排除不可观测的无质量拓扑荷。外尔的共形张量，这里称为"引力场“，被分解成一个处处有支撑的无发散非定域片和一个与物质有相同支撑的定域片。通过将局部引力场调谐到麦克斯韦场，发现了电磁场的局部引力场。这个引力场携带电磁场的极化或相位信息，不像麦克斯韦的应力-能量张量。统一假设爱因斯坦方程，并从曲率假设导出麦克斯韦方程。引力禁止磁单极子！这种统一比单独的爱因斯坦-麦克斯韦方程组更强，因为这些方程必须产生电磁场的局部引力场，而不仅仅是任何保形张量。带电的黑洞就是例子。给出了辐射零电磁场的曲率特征。
Metric Unification of Gravitation and Electromagnetism Solves the Cosmological Constant Problem
我们首先回顾了宇宙学常数问题，然后提到了费曼的一个猜想，根据这个猜想，广义相对论引力理论应该以这样一种方式重新表述，即能量不耦合到引力。我们指出，我们最近的统一引力和电磁通过一个对称张量的性质，自由电磁能和真空能量不显着贡献的时空曲率像自由引力能。因此，在广义相对论的这个公式中，真空能量密度在今天和早期宇宙一样具有非常大的值，而宇宙学常数则根本不存在。
Although the wish to unify theories into something more fundamental is omnipresent and compelling, nonetheless, in a sense, theories must first be unifiable. The reasons for the success of the unification of electricity and magnetism into a theory of electromagnetism are contrasted with the reasons for the failure of the Einstein-Maxwell unification of gravitation and electromagnetism and the attempts of quantum gravity to unify Einstein's theory of gravity with quantum field theory. The difference between a unification of two theories, a concatenation of them, and the existence of a formal an…
Electromagnetism and Gravitation
“质量密度”的经典概念并不是物质的量子理论的基础。因此，质量密度不可能是引力的来源。在这里，我们把电磁能、动量和应力作为它的来源。由此产生的理论预测，任何带电基本粒子附近的引力势都比牛顿值大许多个数量级。
On the Electromagnetism of Gravitational System and the Four Dimensional Constants (c, h, k, G)
我们提出了一个电和引力统一的模型。我们已经找到了与系统有关的所有物理量的一致描述。我们已经给出了所有物理量的极限值。这些值既不是零也不是无穷大。我们的宇宙在任何时候都只能用四维常数$c, \hbar, k, G$来描述。真空的残余在所有时期都以不同的值存在。目前的宇宙学难题是合理的，因为在这项工作中发展的宇宙量子化的后果。
We propose in this paper a mathematicians' view of the Kaluza-Klein idea of a five dimensional space-time unifying gravitation and electromagnetism, and extension to higher-dimensional space-time. By considering the classification of positive Einstein curvature tensors and the classical Cauchy-Choquet-Bruhat theorems in general relativity, we introduce concepts of types and rigidity. Then, abandoning the usual requirement of a Ricci-flat five dimensional space-time, we show that a unified geometrical frame can be set for gravitation and electromagnetism, giving, by projection on the classical …
On the Origin of Kaluza's Idea of Unification
我们认为，卡鲁扎统一电动力学和引力的思想的出发点是引力和电磁学之间的类比，这是由爱因斯坦和Thirring指出。看来，卡鲁扎的注意力转向这一点的三篇论文的透镜，Thirring效应和类比之间的引力和电磁这是出版前很短的时间卡鲁扎的文件提交。我们在这里提供了这些文件的第三个英文翻译。
Coupling of Gravitation and Electromagnetism in the Weak Field Approximation
利用弱场近似，我们可以用一种类似电磁学的麦克斯韦型结构来表达广义相对论。我们发现，每一个电磁场耦合到一个重力电场和重力磁场。承认这两个场都起源于同一个源，即粒子，我们可以通过它们各自的引力类似物，用比例系数k来表示磁场和电场。该系数取决于质量和电荷的比率以及电磁和重力-重力磁介电常数和磁导率之间的比率。虽然这个系数很小，但物质介质中的电磁场可以用来产生重力场和重力磁场，反之亦然的事实并不为人所知。我们发现，大质量离子流、电子和核自旋排列可以增加耦合系数。材料科学、低温技术和材料介质中的高频电磁场的进步可能导致导出的关系的应用。
Lagrangian Formalism on Jet-Gauge and Jet-Diffeomorphism Groups: Towards a Unification of Gravity with Internal Gauge Interactions
在这个演讲中，与内部对称性相关的规范理论的描述被扩展到对称群是时空平移群（恢复爱因斯坦理论）的情况下，使用标准的喷束形式主义。我们还重新制定这些理论引入的想法，喷规范和喷流同态群。最后，我们试图通过转向庞加莱群的中心扩展规范对称性，得到引力和电磁（或更一般的内部相互作用）的简单而非平凡的混合。
An Alternative to Kaluza
在卡鲁扎导出的理论中，电磁势被解释为高维引力理论中度规的一部分。在这里我们提出了一个更像杨-米尔斯的五维经典电磁学和引力的统一，其中电磁势与连接有关，场强与曲率有关。此外，量子理论的某些方面可以在高斯-博内-陈省身定理的上下文中描述。这种方法提供了新的引力和电磁之间的耦合机制。
From a previous paper where we proposed a description of general relativity within the gravito-electromagnetic limit, we propose an alternative modified gravitational theory. As in the former version, we analyze the vector and tensor equations of motion, the gravitational continuity equation, the conservation of the energy, the energy-momentum tensor, the field tensor, and the constraints concerning these fields. The Lagrangian formulation is also exhibited as an unified and simple formulation that will be useful for future investigation.
Bursts of Radiation and Recoil Effects in Electromagnetism and Gravitation
电荷e经历脉冲加速或减速的麦克斯韦场是通过将闵可夫斯基时空划分为未来零锥所包围的两半，然后在适当的匹配条件下将这两半粘在一起来构造的。由此产生的延迟辐射可以看作是瞬时电磁韧致辐射。如果我们类似地考虑一个球对称的、运动的引力质量，在远处观察者看来，它经历了一个脉冲减速，那么这就伴随着一个类光壳层的发射，这个类光壳层的总能量由这个观察者测量，与源停止前的动能相同。这种现象是一种反冲效应，可以认为是金纳斯利火箭的一种极限情况。
The R.I. Pimenov unified gravitation and electromagnetism field theory as semi-Riemannian geometry
四十多年前，R。皮门诺夫介绍了一种新的几何--半黎曼几何--作为一组与一个抽象的$ pr: M_n \to M_m.$相一致的几何对象。被几何建模为不被自同构叠加的空间坐标。由于黎曼几何中只有一种坐标，伪黎曼几何中只有三种坐标，因此多纤维半黎曼几何是最适合于处理三个以上不同物理量的统一几何场论。以一维纤维$x^5$和四维闵可夫斯基时空为基础的半欧几何$^{3}R_5^4$自然被解释为经典电动力学。半黎曼几何$^{3}V_5^4$与广义相对论伪黎曼时空$^{3}V^4,$和一维纤维$x^5,$共同负责电磁学，提供了引力和电磁学的统一场论。与Kaluza-Klein理论不同，第五坐标出现在非退化黎曼几何或伪黎曼几何中，基于半黎曼几何的理论没有前者的缺陷。特别地，不会出现标量场。PACS：04.50.Cd，02.40.- k，11.10.Kk
Aharonov-Bohm Effects for Electromagnetism and Gravity in Four-Dimensional Spacetime
该研究构建四维时空引力Aharonov-Bohm效应的几何框架，推导量子态和乐变换，证明牛顿近似下引力相移与电磁相移同构，确立引力规范结构量子可观测性并为原子干涉实验提供理论支持。
This work is focused on the theory of Gravitoelectromagnetism (GEM). In the first part of this work we present a brief review of gravitoelectromagnetism, we locate and discuss all the problems which appear in this approach. We also try to avoid these problems by proposing new approaches in which we use the additional degrees of freedom of the gravitational field. In the second part of this work, we review our previous work regarding the construction of a tensorial theory, using the formalism of General Relativity, which aims to describe the true electromagnetism. We also extend this theory in …
Revised translation of Kaluza's historic 1921 paper, "Zum Unitätsproblem der Physik," on 5-dimensional spacetime, used to unify gravity and electromagnetism. This version is based, in part, on a 1984 translation provided by T. Muta, but revised and formatted using LaTeX to closely match the original paper in appearance and pagination. Kaluza's original notation is restored.
Electromagnetism in Curved Spacetimes: Coupling of the Doppler and Gravitational Redshifts
本文在广义相对论框架下推广电磁理论，利用法拉第张量和爱因斯坦场方程描述弯曲时空中的电磁辐射，并推导了引力红移与多普勒频移的联合效应公式。
Unification of Weak and Gravitational Interactions Stemming from Expansive Nondecelerative Universe Model
广义相对论与膨胀非减速宇宙模型中的弱相互作用有着深刻的内在联系。这一事实允许独立确定矢量玻色子Z和W的质量，以及电磁相互作用和弱相互作用分离的时间。
Refined Perspectives on the Kerr-Schild Double Copy:Harmonizing Gravity and Electromagnetism in Metric Formulations
本文研究关联引力与电磁学的Kerr-Schild double copy对偶性，展示四维爱因斯坦真空解向麦克斯韦解的转换方法，验证其在多类黑洞解推导等场景的应用，并分析特定对称性下的相关影响。
Geometric Interpretation of Electromagnetism in a Gravitational Theory with Torsion and Spinorial Matter
研究了引力和电磁学统一理论的可能几何框架：通过允许任意复线性联系和基于复联系构造扩展旋量导数来扩展广义相对论。因此，时空挠率不仅与费米子的自旋耦合，导致四费米子接触相互作用，而且挠率的非度规矢量部分也与电磁势有关。然而，这个长期存在的关系被证明只在特殊的U（1）规范中有效，并且它是潜在的扩展几何的形式结果。
Gravitoelectromagnetism in a complex Clifford algebra
在量子物理学的背景下引入引力的线性矢量模型作为电磁学的推广。引力电磁规范对称性对应于电磁学通常的复相位对称性的双曲么正扩展。利用复Clifford代数的伪标量，得到了引力耦合的反号。
Quantum Gravitational Corrections to Electromagnetism And Backreaction
本文在微扰广义相对论有效场论框架下研究量子引力对电磁学的修正及反作用，推导了量子修正的麦克斯韦方程、诱导耦合、光子传播子模求和及暴胀子有效力，并分析其对再加热的影响。
Stringent Constraints on Gravitational Wave Signatures of Dark Electromagnetism in Neutron Star Binaries
研究通过分析中子星双星系统中暗电磁现象的引力波特征，发现矢量力的排斥性质对隐藏扇区粒子的耦合施加了严格约束，表明当前引力波观测难以探测此类现象。
Uniformly accelerated sources in electromagnetism and gravity
推导了磁多极子作双曲运动时产生的电磁场，并与电多极子作双曲运动时产生的电磁场进行了比较。由此产生的场由对偶对称性联系起来。这些解决方案的辐射性能证明。在第二部分中，一个类似的，均匀加速的引力辐射源进行了研究，在精确的爱因斯坦理论。辐射特性的相应的解决方案作为通量的辐射和系统的总质量，能量的计算和图示。
A Lagrangian depending on geometric variables (metric, affine connection, gauge group generators) is given which maintains compatibility with General Relativity. It generates the dynamics for Electromagnetism and other Gauge Fields along with Gravitation, at the time it gives a geometric foundation for the stress-energy tensor of continuous matter. The geometric-invariance principle under this integration is exposed and the resulting field equations are obtained. The theory is developed over the tangent space of a four-dimensional real manifold and the generators become those from the Homogeno…
Formal analogies between gravitation and electrodynamics
我们开发了一个理论框架，使我们能够比较电磁和引力在一个完全协变的方式。这种新的场景不依赖于任何近似，也不像文献中有时所做的那样将对象与不同的操作含义相关联。我们构建的电磁模拟的黎曼和外尔张量，并开发这些对象的运动方程。特别是，我们能够精确地确定如何以及在什么条件下重力可以映射到电动力学。因此，广义相对论的许多几何工具可以应用于电磁学，反之亦然。我们希望我们的结果能为电磁和引力理论的本质提供新的解释。
Following earlier works of Dereli and collaborators, we study a three dimensional toy model where we extend the topologically massive gravity with electrodynamics by the most general $RF^2$-type non-minimal coupling terms. Here $R$ denotes the possible curvature terms and $F$ denotes the electromagnetic 2-form. We derive the variational field equations and look for exact solutions on constant negative curvature space-times with a constant, self-dual electromagnetic field. The notion of self-dual electromagnetic fields in three dimensions is introduced by Dereli and collaborators in the study o…
Gravitational ultrarelativistic interaction of classical particles in the context of unification of interactions
本文研究了史瓦西场中具有自旋的超相对论粒子对随动观测器测得的重磁分量的响应。研究了粒子的自旋轨道加速度与洛伦兹γ因子和自旋取向的关系。半径r= 3 m的具体圆形超相对论轨道被认为是Mathisson-Papapetrou方程的部分解，也是Dirac粒子的高能量子态。给出了黑洞附近质子和电子的数值估计。本文讨论了在超相对论速度下引力和电磁相互作用的定量化趋势
The objective of a SEE mission is to support development of unification theory by carrying out sensitive gravitational tests capable of determining whether various alternative theories are compatible with nature. Gravitation is a key "missing link" in unification theory. Nearly all unification theories incorporate gravity at a fundamental level, and therefore precise measurements of gravitational forces will place important constraints on unification theories. Ground-based gravitational measurements to the accuracy required are impossible due to the many sources of noise present in the terrest…
We deal with the gravitational theory relevant to gravito-electromagnetism (GEM) exactly. It is shown that the theory can be decomposed in terms of two sectors of Abelian gauge field theories. The two sectors dominate the whole action in an inverse way, showing a sign of strong-weak duality.
Gauge Symmetry and Gravito-Electromagnetism
给出了任意背景时空中微扰爱因斯坦引力的张量描述。通过类比时空中电磁学的协变定律，定义了引力-电磁势和场，以模拟在属于微扰引力的规范对称性群的替换下的电磁规范变换。这些定义的优点是，在平坦的背景下，借助于协变常数类时矢量场，线性化的引力场方程的子集可以写成完全类似于麦克斯韦方程的形式（没有尴尬的因子4和多余的张量场）。它示出了如何在扰动引力系统中的剩余方程限制这些方程的解的时间依赖性，从而禁止传播矢量场的存在。在测试粒子上感生的重力电磁洛伦兹力被评估在这些领域与一个小陀螺仪上的扭矩一起。它的结论是微扰引力的类比麦克斯韦的电磁描述可以是有价值的（准）静态引力现象，但类比有其局限性。
On a field tensor for gravity and electromagnetism
本文证明三秩Lanczos型张量场可用于描述相对论性电磁与引力效应，将其不可约分解识别为引力与电磁场，并提出一组散度方程作为场方程。
The Eddington Lagrangian in the purely affine formulation of general relativity generates the Einstein equations with the cosmological constant. The Ferraris-Kijowski purely affine Lagrangian for the electromagnetic field, which has the form of the Maxwell Lagrangian with the metric tensor replaced by the symmetrized Ricci tensor, is dynamically equivalent to the Einstein-Maxwell Lagrangian in the metric formulation. We show that the sum of the two affine Lagrangians is dynamically inequivalent to the sum of the analogous Lagrangians in the metric-affine/metric formulation. We also show that s…
Proposed Experiments to Test the Unified Description of Gravitation and Electromagnetism through a Symmetric Metric
如果引力和电磁都用对称度规张量来描述，那么电子束在带电球体上的偏转应该不同于广义相对论的赖斯纳-努德斯特伦解。如果这种统一的描述是正确的，那么电场的等效原理意味着光子具有非零的有效电荷质量比，并且应该在电场中发生红移，在磁场中发生偏转。实验来测试这些预测提出。
We first investigate the form the General Relativity Theory would have taken had the gravitational mass and the inertial mass of material objects been different. We then extend this analysis to electromagnetism and postulate an equivalence principle for the electromagnetic field. We argue that to each particle with a different electric charge-to-mass ratio in superimposed gravitational and electromagnetic fields there corresponds a spacetime manifold whose metric tensor $g_{μν}$ describes the dynamical actions of gravitation and electromagnetism. The electric field outside a charged sphere ass…
Quantum Einstein-Maxwell Fields: A Unified Viewpoint from the Loop Representation
我们提出了一个朴素的统一电磁学和广义相对论的基础上扩大规范群Ashtekar的新变量。我们构造了连接和循环表示，并分析了状态空间。在圈表示中，波函数依赖于两个圈，每个圈都携带着引力和电磁的信息。我们发现Chern-Simons形式和Jones多项式在模型中起作用。
Solar constraints on new couplings between electromagnetism and gravity
统一量子场论和广义相对论是现代物理学的一个基本目标。在许多情况下，为了达到这个目标，理论上的努力引入了辅助的引力场，除了广义相对论中熟悉的对称二阶张量势之外，还引入了辅助引力场，并由于这些辅助场与物质之间的直接耦合而导致了非度规理论。在这里，我们考虑一个度量仿射引力规范理论的例子，在这个例子中，挠率与电磁场的耦合是非最小的。这种耦合导致当光通过度规-仿射引力场传播时，在不同偏振态的光之间积累相位差。太阳分光偏振观测报告，并用于设置强约束的相关耦合常数k：k^2 <（2.5 km）^2。
A unified, purely affine theory of gravitation and electromagnetism
在引力的纯仿射表述中，引力场由仿射联络的里奇张量的对称部分表示。经典电磁场可以在这个公式中表示为第二个里奇张量的联系。这样的构造在动力学上等价于无源的Einstein-麦克斯韦方程组。我们推广这种建设的情况下，与源，表示的仿射拉格朗日密度的导数相对于连接。我们表明，麦克斯韦方程组的源出现的最简单的仿射拉格朗日物质，而爱因斯坦和洛伦兹方程出现，如果质量有电磁起源。我们还表明，麦克斯韦方程组取代纯粹的仿射拉格朗日的投影不变性，明确依赖于连接的非物理约束。
In this work, we focus on the theory of Gravito-Electromagnetism (GEM) -- the theory that describes the dynamics of the gravitational field in terms of quantities met in Electromagnetism -- and we propose two novel forms of metric perturbations. The first one is a generalisation of the traditional GEM ansatz, and succeeds in reproducing the whole set of Maxwell's equations even for a dynamical vector potential A. The second form, the so-called alternative ansatz, goes beyond that leading to an expression for the Lorentz force that matches the one of Electromagnetism and is free of additional t…
Doing without the Equivalence Principle
在爱因斯坦的广义相对论中，几何学取代了描述引力相互作用的力的概念。这种方法依赖于自由落体的普适性--弱等效原理--如果没有它，就会崩溃。另一方面，远程平行版本的广义相对论，一种平移群的规范理论，用一种类似于电磁学中的洛伦兹力的力来描述引力相互作用，这种力是一种非普适的相互作用。它表明，类似于麦克斯韦的电磁描述，远程平行规范方法提供了一个一致的理论，即使在弱等效原理的情况下引力。
The covariance group for general relativity, the diffeomorphisms, is replaced by a group of coordinate transformations which contains the diffeomorphisms as a proper subgroup. The larger group is defined by the assumption that all observers will agree whether any given quantity is conserved. Alternatively, and equivalently, it is defined by the assumption that all observers will agree that the general relativistic wave equation describes the propagation of light. Thus, the group replacement is analogous to the replacement of the Lorentz group by the diffeomorphisms that led Einstein from speci…
Recently much controversy has been shed on BICEP 2 experiments for the concerning this validity or not and a possible set of new experiments to detect primordial inflation and gravitational waves. Since gravitational waves imply the existence of primordial magnetic fields in this context, C Bonvin, R Durrer and R Marteens [Phys Rev Lett (2014)] have tried to associate the presence of primordial magnetic fields to BICEP 2 by making use of CMB tensor modes. Here we show that by considering torsion dilatonic lagrangean one obtains cosmological magnetic fields of the order of $B\sim{10^{-10}G}$ wh…
In this paper we investigate the gravitational vacuum stars which called gravastars in the non-minimally coupled models with electromagnetic and gravitational fields. We consider two non-minimal models and find the corresponding spherically symmetric exact solutions in the interior of the star consisting of the dark energy condensate. Our models turn out to be Einstein-Maxwell model at the outside of the star and the solutions become the Reissner-Nordstr{ö}m solution. The physical quantities of these models are continuous and non-singular in some range of parameters and the exterior geometry c…
Gravito-electromagnetism
我们开发和应用一个完全协变的1+3电磁引力类比。自由引力场协变地刻画为Weyl重电和重磁空间张量场，其动力学方程是Bianchi恒等式。利用空间向量代数和微积分的协变推广到空间张量场，我们展示了张量Bianchi方程和向量麦克斯韦方程组之间的协变类比.我们确定引力源项，耦合和潜在的和没有电磁类似物。证明了非线性真空Bianchi方程在引力-电和引力-磁张量场的协变空间对偶旋转下是不变的。我们构造了引力场的超能量密度和超坡印廷矢量作为自然U（1）群不变量，导出了它们的超能量守恒方程。一个协变的方法，重力电/磁单极子。
Electromagnetism in spacetime can be treated in terms of an analogue linear dielectric medium. In this paper, we discuss the gravitational analogue of the linear magnetoelectric effect, which can be found in multiferroic materials. While this is known to occur for metrics with non-zero mixed components, we show how it depends on the choice of spatial formalism for the electromagnetic fields, including in differences in tensor weight, and also on the choice of coordinate chart. This is illustrated for Langevin-Minkowski, four charts of Schwarzschild spacetime, and two charts of pp gravitational…
From a Relativistic Phenomenology of Anyons to a Model of Unification of Forces via the Spencer Theory of Lie Structures
从晶体中任意子的相对论现象学出发，我们讨论了相对论相互作用的概念以及在李方程的斯宾塞上同调中统一电磁和引力的必要性。然后，从庞加莱和共形李伪群的复杂的非线性斯宾塞复形，我们建立了一个非线性相对复形分配给规范序列的电磁和引力势和场。然后，利用共形等变拉格朗日密度，我们推导出，第一，它对应的珍妮特复形和第二，对偶相对线性复形的两个第一步。最后，我们给出了更高的统一与弱和强相互作用和解释的拉格朗日密度作为一个物理函数和量子波函数的建议。
Unification of Electromagnetic Interactions and Gravitational Interactions
本文讨论了引力相互作用和电磁相互作用的统一理论。基于规范原理，将电磁相互作用和引力相互作用统一到U（1）Abel规范群和引力规范群的半直积群中.
We show that it is possible to formulate the classical Einstein-Maxwell-Dirac theory of spinors interacting with the gravitational and electromagnetic fields as the Einstein-Cartan-Kibble-Sciama theory with the Ricci scalar of the traceless torsion, describing gravity, and the torsion trace acting as the electromagnetic potential.
The event GW150914 was the first historical detection of gravitational waves (GWs). The emergence of this ground-breaking discovery came not only from incredibly innovative experimental work, but also from a centennial of theoretical analyses. Many such analyses were performed by pioneering scientists who had wandered through a wild territory of mathematical laws. We explore such wandering and explain how it may impact the grand goal of unification in physics.
Unification of Conformal and Fuzzy Gravities with Internal Interactions - study of their behaviour in low energies and possible signals in the detection of Gravitational Waves
本文基于弯曲流形切群与流形维度可不同、两类引力均有规范理论表述两项事实，通过拓展四维切群构建含内部相互作用的共形引力与模糊引力统一方案，并分析其低能行为与引力波探测相关信号。
Gravitational Wave Signals in a Promising Realization of SO(10) Unification
研究非超对称大统一模型中SO(10)分阶段破缺产生的引力波信号，分析一阶相变及原初等离子体背景引力波，指出实验灵敏度尚需新型探测器技术提升。
In this paper we first show that any coupled system consisting of a gravitational plus a free electromagnetic field can be described geometrically in the sense that both Maxwell equations and Einstein equation having as source term the energy-momentum of the electromagnetic field can be derived from a geometrical Lagrangian proportional to the scalar curvature R of a particular kind of Riemann-Cartan spacetime structure, where those fields are identified as geometrical objects of the structure. We show moreover that the contorsion tensor of the particular Riemann-Cartan spacetime structure of …
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