arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 0907.1569cond-mat.stat-mech
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非平衡初态第二定律的推广

Generalization of the Second Law for a Nonequilibrium Initial State

H. -H. Hasegawa, J. Ishikawa, K. Takara, D. J. Driebe

摘要:

我们推广了热力学第二定律在非平衡态初始分布下的最大功公式。研究发现,在等温过程中,玻尔兹曼相对熵(H函数)不仅是一个李雅普诺夫函数,而且还告诉我们从非平衡初始状态可以获得的最大功。广义第二定律还给出了功和信息之间的基本关系。即使对于不与热源接触但具有由等熵条件确定的有效温度的小哈密顿系统也是有效的。我们的关系可以在Szilard发动机中进行测试,这将在实验室中实现。

英文摘要:

We generalize the second law of thermodynamics in its maximum work formulation for a nonequilibrium initial distribution. It is found that in an isothermal process, the Boltzmann relative entropy (H-function) is not just a Lyapunov function but also tells us the maximum work that may be gained from a nonequilibrium initial state. The generalized second law also gives a fundamental relation between work and information. It is valid even for a small Hamiltonian system not in contact with a heat reservoir but with an effective temperature determined by the isentropic condition. Our relation can be tested in the Szilard engine, which will be realized in the laboratory.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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