The paper presents a theory of shear-generated turbulence at asymptotically high Reynolds numbers. It is based on an ensemble of dipole vortex tubes taken as quasi-particles and realized in form of rings, hairpins or filament couples of potentially finite length. In a not necesserily planar cross sectional area through a vortex tangle, taken locally orthogonal through each individual tube, the dipoles are moving with the classical dipole velocity. The vortex radius is directly related with Prandtl's classical mixing length. The quasi-particles perform dipol chaos which reminds of molecular chaos in real gases. Collisions between quasi-particles lead either to particle annihilation (turbulent dissipation) or to particle scattering (turbulent diffusion). These ideas suffice to develop a closed theory of shear-generated turbulence without empirical parameters, with analogies to birth and death processes of macromolecules. It coincides almost perfectly with the well-known K-Omega turbulence closure applied in many branches of science and technology. In the case of free homogeneous decay the TKE is shown to follow 1/t. For an adiabatic condition at a solid wall the theory predicts a logarithmic mean-flow boundary layer with von Karman's constant as 1/SQRT(2 pi)=0.399.
The von Karman flow apparatus produces a highly turbulent flow inside a cylinder vessel driven by two counter-rotating impellers. Over more than two decades, this experiment has become a very classic turbulence tool, studied for a wide range of physical systems by many groups, with incompressible flow, compressible flow, for magnetohydrodynamics and dynamo studies inside liquid metal, for particle tracking purposes, and recently with turbulent super-fluid helium. We present a direct numerical simulation (DNS) version the von Karman flow, forced by two rotating impellers. The cylinder geometry …
The present study is concerned with the peak acceleration azmax occurring during the water impact of a symmetric wedge. This aspect can be important for design considerations of safe marine vehicles. The water-entry problem is firstly studied numerically using the finite-volume discretization of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations and the volume-of-fluid method to capture the air-water interface. The choice of the mesh size and time-step is validated by comparison with experimental data of a free fall water-entry of a wedge. The key original contribution of the article concerns the deri…
We present a novel moving immersed boundary method (IBM) and employ it in direct numerical simulations (DNS) of the closed-vessel swirling von Karman flow in laminar and turbulent regimes. The IBM extends direct-forcing approaches by leveraging a time integration scheme, that embeds the immersed boundary forcing step within a semi-implicit iterative Crank-Nicolson scheme. The overall method is robust, stable, and yields excellent results in canonical cases with static and moving boundaries. The moving IBM allows us to reproduce the geometry and parameters of the swirling von Karman flow experi…
Noise pollution caused by inflow turbulence is a major problem in many applications, such as propellers and fans. Leading edge noise models, e.g., Amiet's model, are widely applied to predict the noise produced by these applications. This noise prediction model relies on the accuracy of the turbulence spectrum, which is usually assumed to be the von Kármán energy spectrum for isotropic turbulence. However, the von Kármán spectrum does not model accurately the dissipation range of the turbulent energy, resulting in incorrect far-field noise predictions for the high-frequency range. An exponenti…
We present the full three-dimensional numerical investigation of the von Karman swirling flow between two parallel plates using the Oldroyd-B model and characterize the onset and development of elastic turbulence. We quantify the flow state with the secondary-flow strength, a measure of the average strength of the velocity fluctuations, and then define an order parameter as the time average of the secondary-flow strength. The order parameter displays a subcritical transition from the laminar to a bistable flow that switches between weakly chaotic flow and elastic turbulence. The transition to …
The water landing of an amphibious aircraft is a complicated problem that can lead to uncomfortable riding situation and structural damage due to large vertical accelerations and the consequent dynamic responses. The problem herein is investigated by solving unsteady incompressible Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations with a standard k-omega turbulence closure model. The theoretical solutions established by the von Karman's momentum theory are also employed. In order to validate the relationships between the initial vertical velocity and the peak value of vertical acceleration, free fall …
Bifurcation induced by the aspect ratio in a turbulent Von-Kármán swirling flow
我们评估的两个实验参数的效果上的缓慢动力学的冯卡门旋流驱动的两个螺旋桨在一个封闭的圆筒。第一个参数是螺旋桨的惯性矩,第二个参数是纵横比,即螺旋桨之间的距离$H$除以直径$D$。我们使用具有固定直径$D$的单元,但是其中螺旋桨之间的距离可以连续转动,并且其中来自螺旋桨的惯性也可以使用不同的齿轮来改变。当惯性动量被修改时,没有观察到动力学上的变化。剪切层位置的一些戏剧性的变化被观察到修改纵横比$Γ=H/D$。剪切层位置出现分叉。而对于低$Γ$的剪切层的位置有一个平滑的演变时,转动的螺旋桨的旋转频率之间的不对称性,高$Γ$的过渡变得突然,出现对称性破缺。其次,我们观察到在该实验中已经观察到的$Γ=1$的自发反转[de la Torre & Burguete PRL 99,054101(2007)]仅存在于纵横比的窄窗口中。我们使用的平均流结构的实验研究和数值方法的基础上的朗之万方程与有色噪声的剪切层的位置似乎是由平均流结构,而逆转的空间分布的湍流波动的细胞。
We investigate the ability of 4D Particle Tracking Velocimetry measurements at high particle density to explore intermittency and irreversibility in a turbulent swirling flow at various Reynolds numbers. For this, we devise suitable tools to remove the experimental noise, and compute the statistics of both Lagrangian velocity increments and wavelet coefficients of the Lagrangian power (the time derivative of the kinetic energy along a trajectory). We show that the signature of noise is strongest on short trajectories, and results in deviations from the regularity condition at small time scales…
An infinity of possible invariants for decaying homogeneous turbulence
von Karman-Howarth方程包含了无穷多个不变量,对应于无穷多个不同渐近行为的二倍和三倍速度关联函数。给定一个在无穷远处的渐近行为,其中Birkhoff-Saffman不变量不是无穷大,则要么没有,要么只有一个或两个有限不变量。如果有两个,其中之一是Loitsyansky不变量和大涡的衰变不能自相似。我们研究的后果,这无穷的不变量对一个特定的家庭的精确解的冯卡门-豪沃思方程。
Elastohydrodynamic instability of a spinning elastic disk
Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems(马克斯·普朗克复杂系统物理研究所);John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University(哈佛大学约翰·A·保尔森工程与应用科学学院)
Single-wavenumber Representation of Nonlinear Energy Spectrum in Elastic-Wave Turbulence of {F}öppl-von {K}ármán Equation: Energy Decomposition Analysis and Energy Budget