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arXiv 0906.3252q-bio.NC
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网络算法与皮层突触权重分布的出现

Network algorithmics and the emergence of the cortical synaptic-weight distribution

Andre Nathan, Valmir C. Barbosa

摘要:

当一个神经元放电时,产生的动作电位沿着它的轴突向其他神经元的树突传播,对这些神经元的影响是由突触的重量介导的,突触将它与放电的神经元分开。反过来,这种重量又受到突触后神经元反应的影响,这种反应被认为是学习和记忆等重要过程的基础。虽然难以量化,皮质突触权重已被发现服从长尾单峰分布峰值附近的最低值,从而确认了一些以前建立的预测模型。这些模型都是因果局部的,因为它们指的是许多神经元都直接向同一个突触后神经元放电的情况。因此,它们必然包含了关于突触前神经元产生动作电位的假设,而这些假设几乎没有生物学上的可解释性。在这封信中,我们介绍了一个网络模型的大组互连的神经元,并证明,没有假设的特征因果关系的本地模型,其长期行为引起的突触权重的分布与实验观察到的相同的属性。在我们的模型中,产生神经元输入的动作电位最终是网络范围内因果链的产物,这些因果链将神经元发生的事情与其他神经元的放电联系起来。我们的模型是一个因果关系的全球性和谓词的出现的突触权重分布网络的结构和功能。因此,它有可能成为工具,也在其他新兴的皮层现象的研究。

英文摘要:

When a neuron fires and the resulting action potential travels down its axon toward other neurons' dendrites, the effect on each of those neurons is mediated by the weight of the synapse that separates it from the firing neuron. This weight, in turn, is affected by the postsynaptic neuron's response through a mechanism that is thought to underlie important processes such as learning and memory. Although of difficult quantification, cortical synaptic weights have been found to obey a long-tailed unimodal distribution peaking near the lowest values, thus confirming some of the predictive models built previously. These models are all causally local, in the sense that they refer to the situation in which a number of neurons all fire directly at the same postsynaptic neuron. Consequently, they necessarily embody assumptions regarding the generation of action potentials by the presynaptic neurons that have little biological interpretability. In this letter we introduce a network model of large groups of interconnected neurons and demonstrate, making none of the assumptions that characterize the causally local models, that its long-term behavior gives rise to a distribution of synaptic weights with the same properties that were experimentally observed. In our model the action potentials that create a neuron's input are, ultimately, the product of network-wide causal chains relating what happens at a neuron to the firings of others. Our model is then of a causally global nature and predicates the emergence of the synaptic-weight distribution on network structure and function. As such, it has the potential to become instrumental also in the study of other emergent cortical phenomena.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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