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网络算法与皮层模型中信息整合的出现

Network algorithmics and the emergence of information integration in cortical models

Andre Nathan, Valmir C. Barbosa

摘要:

近年来,一个被称为整合信息论(IIT)的信息论框架被引入大脑中,用于研究意识的出现[D]。Balduzzi和G. Tononi,PLoS Comput. 4,e1000091(2008)]。IIT声称,这种现象等同于大脑产生的信息超过了大脑组成部分已经相互独立产生的信息。IIT的建模假设并不完全合理,而且由于其关键定义中嵌入了严重的组合增长,因此它也不可测试。在这里,我们介绍了一种替代IIT,而类似的信息理论原则的启发,试图在一定程度上解决IIT的一些缺点。我们的替代框架使用了我们之前介绍的相同的网络算法皮层模型[A。内森和VC Barbosa,Phys.Rev.E81,021916(2010)],并且为了允许相对于IIT稍微改进的可测试性,采用了应用于一组变量的众所周知的信息增益和总相关性的概念,所述一组变量通过模型的动态中的消息表示神经元的可达性。我们认为,这两个数量相互关联的方式,可以用来量化系统的效率,在生成信息之外,这并不取决于集成,并给出计算结果,我们的皮质模型及其变体,无论是结构上的随机意义上的一个Erdos-Renyi随机有向图或结构确定性。我们已经发现,我们的皮层模型相对于其他模型来说是突出的,因为它的许多实例能够比其他大多数实例更有效地整合信息。

英文摘要:

An information-theoretic framework known as integrated information theory (IIT) has been introduced recently for the study of the emergence of consciousness in the brain [D. Balduzzi and G. Tononi, PLoS Comput. Biol. 4, e1000091 (2008)]. IIT purports that this phenomenon is to be equated with the generation of information by the brain surpassing the information which the brain's constituents already generate independently of one another. IIT is not fully plausible in its modeling assumptions, nor is it testable due to severe combinatorial growth embedded in its key definitions. Here we introduce an alternative to IIT which, while inspired in similar information-theoretic principles, seeks to address some of IIT's shortcomings to some extent. Our alternative framework uses the same network-algorithmic cortical model we introduced earlier [A. Nathan and V. C. Barbosa, Phys. Rev. E 81, 021916 (2010)] and, to allow for somewhat improved testability relative to IIT, adopts the well-known notions of information gain and total correlation applied to a set of variables representing the reachability of neurons by messages in the model's dynamics. We argue that these two quantities relate to each other in such a way that can be used to quantify the system's efficiency in generating information beyond that which does not depend on integration, and give computational results on our cortical model and on variants thereof that are either structurally random in the sense of an Erdos-Renyi random directed graph or structurally deterministic. We have found that our cortical model stands out with respect to the others in the sense that many of its instances are capable of integrating information more efficiently than most of those others' instances.

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