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arXiv 0906.3236physics.plasm-phphysics.space-ph
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太阳风湍流谱从MHD到电子尺度的普适性

Universality of solar wind turbulent spectrum from MHD to electron scales

Olga Alexandrova, Joachim Saur, Catherine Lacombe, Andre Mangeney, Jeremy Mitchell, Steve J. Schwartz, Patrick Robert

摘要:

为了研究空间等离子体中磁湍流的普遍性,我们分析了不同起源、慢或快以及不同等离子体条件下的自由太阳风中的七个时间周期。磁场的方向与流速始终是准垂直的。在不同频率范围内运行的Cluster航天器上的三种仪器的独特组合使我们有可能分辨高达300 Hz的光谱。我们表明,在不同的等离子体条件下测得的光谱具有相似的形状。这样一个准普适谱由三部分组成:两个幂律和一个指数域。在MHD尺度下,发现了Kolmogorov定律$\sim k^{-5/3}$,在小于离子特征尺度的尺度下,发现了$k^{-2.8}$定律。在$kρ_e\sim (0.1-1)$尺度下,其中$ρ_e$是电子回旋半径,磁谱遵循指数规律$\exp(-k^{1/2})$,表明耗散的开始。这是首次在空间等离子体中观测到指数磁谱。结果表明,在几种空间动力学等离子体尺度中,电子拉莫尔半径在空间等离子体湍流中起着耗散尺度的作用。

英文摘要:

In order to investigate the universality of magnetic turbulence in space plasmas we analyze seven time periods in the free solar wind of different origin, slow or fast, and under different plasma conditions. The orientation of magnetic field to the flow velocity was always quasi-perpendicular. Unique combination of three instruments on Cluster spacecraft which operate in different frequency ranges give us the possibility to resolve spectra up to 300 Hz. We show that spectra measured under different plasma conditions have a similar shape. Such a quasi-universal spectrum consists of three parts: two power laws and an exponential domain. At MHD scales, Kolmogorov's law $\sim k^{-5/3}$ is found. At scales smaller than the ion characteristic scales, a $k^{-2.8}$ law is observed. At scales $kρ_e\sim (0.1-1)$, where $ρ_e$ is the electron gyroradius, the magnetic spectrum follows an exponential law $\exp(-k^{1/2})$, indicating the onset of dissipation. This is the first observation of an exponential magnetic spectrum in space plasmas. We show that among several spatial kinetic plasma scales, the electron Larmor radius plays the role of a dissipation scale in space plasma turbulence.

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