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arXiv 0906.1640physics.chem-phcond-mat.quant-gascond-mat.stat-mechcond-mat.str-el
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凝聚态物理和化学中的有效低能汉密尔顿引论

An introduction to effective low-energy Hamiltonians in condensed matter physics and chemistry

B. J. Powell

摘要:

这些课堂讲稿介绍了一些简单的有效哈密顿量(也称为半经验模型),它们在固态和分子系统中有广泛的应用。他们的目的是作为一个介绍开始研究生。我也希望它能有助于打破物理和化学文献之间的鸿沟。在简要介绍了第二量子化符号,这是广泛使用的,我的重点是“四个H”:休克尔(或紧束缚),哈伯德,海森堡和荷尔斯泰因模型。对其他一些相关的模型,如Pariser-Parr-Pople模型、扩展的哈伯德模型、多轨道模型和离子哈伯德模型也进行了讨论。最后,我讨论了有效哈密顿量的认识论基础,并与从头算方法进行了比较和对比,并讨论了有效哈密顿量的参数化问题。

英文摘要:

These lecture notes introduce some simple effective Hamiltonians (also known as semi-empirical models) that have widespread applications to solid state and molecular systems. They are aimed as an introduction to a beginning graduate student. I also hope that it may help to break down the divide between the physics and chemistry literatures. After a brief introduction to second quantisation notation, which is used extensively, I focus of the "four H's": the Huckel (or tight binding), Hubbard, Heisenberg and Holstein models. Some other related models, such as the Pariser-Parr-Pople model, the extended Hubbard model, multi-orbital models and the ionic Hubbard model, are also discussed. Finally, I discuss the epistemological basis of effective Hamiltonians and compare and contrast this with that of ab initio methods as well as discussing the problem of parametrising effective Hamiltonians.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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