给出了40 A和158 A GeV中心选择Pb+Pb反应和158 A GeV近中心C+C和Si+Si反应中λ、反λ和Xi-产生的结果。横向质谱，快度谱，和依赖于系统大小的多重性进行了讨论。运输模型（UrQMD2.3和HSD）和核心电晕的方法进行比较。虽然λ和反λ的产生可以通过传输模型合理地描述，但这些模型与Xi-测量不一致。另一方面，核心电晕图片非常适合的系统尺寸依赖的λ和Xi-，而它同意不太好与反λ数据。
英文摘要：
Results on Lambda, Anti-lambda, and Xi- production in centrality selected Pb+Pb reactions at 40A and 158A GeV and in near-central C+C and Si+Si reactions at 158A GeV are presented. Transverse mass spectra, rapidity spectra, and multiplicities in dependence of the system size are discussed. Comparisons to transport models (UrQMD2.3 and HSD) and to the core-corona approach are performed. While Lambda and Anti-lambda production can be described by transport models reasonably well, these models do not agree with the Xi- measurements. On the other hand, the core-corona picture fits very well the system-size dependence of Lambda and Xi-, while it agrees less well with the Anti-lambda data.
Energy dependence of Lambda and Xi production in central Pb+Pb collisions at 20A, 30A, 40A, 80A, and 158A GeV measured at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron
给出了20 A、30 A、40 A、80 A和158 A GeV中心Pb+Pb反应中$Λ$、$\barΛ}$、$Ξ^{-}$和$\barΞ^{+}$的产生结果。讨论了横质量谱、快度谱和多重性的能量依赖性。弦强子模型（UrQMD和HSD）和统计强子气体模型的比较。虽然后者提供了一个合理的描述，所有的粒子产量，第一类模型未能匹配的$Ξ^{-}$，和$\barΞ^{+}$多重性。
Lambda production in central Pb+Pb collisions at CERN-SPS energies
本文介绍了在40、80和158 A $\cdot$ GeV的中心Pb+Pb碰撞中产生的$Λ$和$\barΛ$超子的NA 49实验的最新结果。横向质谱和快度分布的$Λ$显示为所有三种能量。随着束流能量的增加，快度分布的形状变得更平坦。在中快度的多重性以及总产量作为碰撞能量的函数，包括AGS测量研究。中快度和4 $π$中的$Λ/π$比在40 A $\cdot$ GeV左右有一个最大值。此外，$\barΛ$快度分布已被测量在40和80 A $\cdot$ GeV，这允许研究的$\barΛ$ / $Λ$的比例。
History, status and plans of the search for critical behavior of strongly interacting matter created in nucleus-nucleus collisions at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron is reviewed. In particular, it is expected that the search should answer the question whether the critical point of strongly interacting matter exists and, if it does, where it is located. First, the search strategies are presented and a short introduction is given to expected fluctuation signals and to the quantities used by experiments to detect th The most important background effects are also discussed. Second, relevant expe…
Recent data on the deutron and $^3$He production in central Pb+Pb collisions at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) energies measured by the NA49 collaboration are analyzed within the model of the three-fluid dynamics (3FD) complemented by the coalescence model for the light-fragment production. The simulations are performed with different equations of state---with and without deconfinement transition. It is found that scenarios with the deconfinement transition are preferable for reproduction rapidity distributions of deuterons and $^3$He, the corresponding results well agree with the exp…
The kaon to pion ratio $K^+/π^+$ and the scaled variance $ω^-$ for fluctuations of negatively charged particles are studied within the statistical hadron resonance gas (HRG) model and the Ultra relativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics (UrQMD) transport model. The calculations are done for p+p, Be+Be, Ar+Sc, and Pb+Pb collisions at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron energy range to reveal the system size dependence of hadron production. For the HRG calculations the canonical ensemble is imposed for all conserved charges. In the UrQMD simulations the centrality selection in nucleus-nucleus collisi…
Measurement of event-by-event transverse momentum and multiplicity fluctuations using strongly intensive measures $Δ[P_T, N]$ and $Σ[P_T, N]$ in nucleus-nucleus collisions at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron
Results on two-particle $ΔηΔϕ$ correlations in inelastic p+p interactions at 20, 31, 40, 80, and 158~GeV/c are presented. The measurements were performed using the large acceptance NA61/SHINE hadron spectrometer at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron. The data show structures which can be attributed mainly to effects of resonance decays, momentum conservation, and quantum statistics. The results are compared with the EPOS and UrQMD models.
Elliptic flow of Lambda hyperons in Pb+Pb collisions at 158A GeV
在CERN-SPS的NA 49合作组中，测量了158 AGeV半中心Pb+Pb碰撞中λ超子的椭圆流.使用将粒子与事件平面相关联的标准方法。测量V2近中快度的报告作为一个功能的快速性，中心性和横向动量。Lambda粒子的椭圆流随着碰撞参量和横向动量的增加而增加。它是比较与V2的π介子和质子，以及与模型计算。显著的椭圆流和它的质量依赖性的观察表明强烈的集体行为的重核碰撞已经在SPS产生的物质。在158 A GeV能量下，对不同粒子种类的椭圆流的标度特性进行了测试。数据的pT范围有限，无法对聚结模型进行决定性检验。
NA61/SHINE is an experiment at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron. The main goals of the experiment are the search for the critical point of strongly interacting matter and the study of the properties of the onset of deconfinement. To reach these goals, the two-dimensional scan in beam momentum ($13A-150A$ GeV/$c$) and system size ($p$+$p$, Be+Be, Ar+Sc, Xe+La, Pb+Pb) was performed. In the final stage of the collision, the spectra of protons are only weakly affected by the effects of resonance decays and rescattering due to their large mass. Thus, proton rapidity distribution is particularly se…
NA61/SHINE is a multipurpose fixed-target facility at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron. The main goals of the NA61/SHINE strong interactions program are to discover the critical point of strongly interacting matter and study the properties of the onset of deconfinement. To reach these goals, hadron production measurements are performed in the form of a two-dimensional scan by varying collision energy and system size. The Collaboration has recently finished data acquisition for its original program on strong interactions, accumulating broad data samples on hadron production in various systems …
A measurement of charged hadron pair correlations in two-dimensional $ΔηΔϕ$ space is presented. The analysis is based on total 30 million central Be+Be collisions observed in the NA61/SHINE detector at the CERN SPS for incident beam momenta of 19$A$, 30$A$, 40$A$, 75$A$, and 150$A$ GeV/$c$. Measurements were carried out for unlike-sign and like-sign charge hadron pairs independently. The $C(Δη,Δϕ)$ correlation functions were compared with results from a similar analysis on p+p interactions at similar beam momenta per nucleon. General trends of the back-to-back correlations are similar in centr…
Measurements of multiplicity fluctuations of identified hadrons produced in inelastic p+p interactions at 31, 40, 80, and 158~\GeVc beam momentum are presented. Three different measures of multiplicity fluctuations are used: the scaled variance $ω$ and strongly intensive measures $Σ$ and $Δ$. These fluctuation measures involve second and first moments of joint multiplicity distributions. Data analysis is performed using the Identity method which corrects for incomplete particle identification. Strongly intensive quantities are calculated in order to allow for a direct comparison to correspondi…
NA61/SHINE is a fixed target experiment designed to study hadron-proton, hadron-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus interactions at the CERN Super-Proton-Synchrotron. In this proceeding we present results on spectra of identified hadrons produced in pion-carbon production interactions, which are of fundamental importance to improve the extensive air shower modeling, and hence the interpretation of ultra-high-energy-cosmic-rays measurements. In particular, our measurements of (anti)baryons and $ρ^0$ production in pion-carbon interactions can contribute to improve the predictions of muon production by a…
Measurements of multiplicity and transverse momentum fluctuations of charged particles were performed in inelastic p+p interactions at 20, 31, 40, 80 and 158 GeV/c beam momentum. Results for the scaled variance of the multiplicity distribution and for three strongly intensive measures of multiplicity and transverse momentum fluctuations \$Δ[P_{T},N]\$, \$Σ[P_{T},N]\$ and \$Φ_{p_T}\$ are presented. For the first time the results on fluctuations are fully corrected for experimental biases. The results on multiplicity and transverse momentum fluctuations significantly deviate from expectations fo…
Recent results in relativistic heavy ion collisions: from ``a new state of matter'' to "the perfect fluid"
相对论重离子实验物理学始于1992年，当时布鲁克海文国家实验室（BNL）的交替梯度同步加速器（AGS）首次获得了能量大于10 A GeV/c的197 Au束，随后在1994年欧洲核子研究中心（CERN）的超级质子同步加速器（SPS）获得了158 A GeV/c的208 Pb束。在20世纪70年代末和80年代初，伯克利Bevalac实验室进行的开创性测量是在低得多的轰击能量（~ 1 A GeV/c）下进行的，其中核分裂而不是粒子产生是A+A碰撞中占主导地位的非弹性过程。最近，从2000年开始，BNL的相对论重离子对撞机（RHIC）产生了两个100 A GeV完全剥离的Au离子束的正面碰撞，对应于核子-核子质心能量，sqrt（sNN）=200 GeV，总c.m.。能量200 A GeV。这项研究计划的目标是产生具有极端密度和温度的核物质，可能导致一种物质状态，在这种状态下，通常被限制在单个核子（r < 1 fm）内的夸克和胶子可以在更大的距离上自由活动。将审查从1992年至今的进展情况，并酌情参考以前轻离子和质子-质子碰撞的结果。重点将放在两个主要实验室宣布的测量基础上：CERN于2000年2月10日宣布的“一种新的物质状态”和BNL于2005年4月19日宣布的“完美流体”。
The measurement of $K^{*}(892)^0$ resonance production via its $K^{+}π^{-}$ decay mode in inelastic p+p collisions at beam momentum 158~GeV/c ($\sqrt{s_{NN}}=17.3$~GeV) is presented. The data were recorded by the NA61/SHINE hadron spectrometer at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron. The first ever double differential measurements and $p_T$-integrated spectra of $K^{*}(892)^0$ at beam momenta of 158 GeV/c was done by using the \textit{template} fitting method. The full phase-space yields, mass and width of $K^{*}(892)^0$ mesons are compared with Hadron Resonance Gas models as well as with world d…
Measurements of inclusive spectra and mean multiplicities of $π^\pm$, K$^\pm$, p and $\bar{\textrm{p}}$ produced in inelastic p+p interactions at incident projectile momenta of 20, 31, 40, 80 and 158 GeV/c ($\sqrt{s} = $ 6.3, 7.7, 8.8, 12.3 and 17.3 GeV, respectively) were performed at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron using the large acceptance NA61/SHINE hadron spectrometer. Spectra are presented as function of rapidity and transverse momentum and are compared to predictions of current models. The measurements serve as the baseline in the NA61/SHINE study of the properties of the onset of de…
The measurement of $K^{*}(892)^0$ resonance production via its $K^{+}π^{-}$ decay mode in inelastic p+p collisions at beam momentum 158 GeV/$c$ ($\sqrt{s_{NN}}=17.3$ GeV) is presented. The data were recorded by the NA61/SHINE hadron spectrometer at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron. The \textit{template} method was used to extract the $K^{*}(892)^0$ signal and double differential transverse momentum and rapidity spectra were obtained. The full phase-space mean multiplicity of $K^{*}(892)^0$ mesons was found to be $(78.44 \pm 0.38 \mathrm{(stat)} \pm 6.0 \mathrm{(sys)) \cdot 10^{-3}}$. The NA61…
The measurement of $K^*(892)^0$ resonance production via its $K^+ π^-$ decay mode in inelastic p+p collisions at beam momenta 40--158 GeV/c ($\sqrt{s_{NN}}$=8.8--17.3 GeV) is presented. The data were recorded by the NA61/SHINE hadron spectrometer at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron. The analysis of $K^*(892)^0$ was done with the template method. The results include the double differential spectra $d^2 n/(dydp_T)$, $d^2 n/(m_T dm_T dy)$ as well as dn/dy spectra.
NA61/SHINE is a fixed target experiment at the CERN Super-Proton- Synchrotron. The main goals of the experiment are to discover the critical point of strongly interacting matter and study the properties of the onset of deconfnement. In order to reach these goals the collaboration studies hadron production properties in nucleus-nucleus, proton-proton and proton-nucleus interactions. In this talk, recent results on particle production in p+p interactions, as well as Be+Be and Ar+Sc collisions in the SPS energy range are reviewed. The results are compared with available world data. The future of …
Measurements of strange hadron (K0s, Lambda + anti-Lambda, and Xi+ + Xi-) transverse momentum spectra in pp, pPb, and PbPb collisions are presented over a wide range of rapidity and event charged-particle multiplicity. The data were collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV, pPb collisions at sqrt(s[NN]) = 5.02 TeV, and PbPb collisions at sqrt(s[NN]) = 2.76 TeV. The average transverse kinetic energy is found to increase with multiplicity, at a faster rate for heavier strange particle species in all systems. At similar multiplicities, the difference in …
NA61/SHINE is a fixed target experiment at the CERN Super-Proton-Synchrotron. The main goals of the experiment are to discover the critical point of strongly interacting matter and study the properties of the onset of deconfinement. In order to reach these goals, a study of hadron production properties is performed in nucleus-nucleus, proton-proton and proton-nucleus interactions as a function of collision energy and size of the colliding nuclei. In this talk, recent results on particle production in p+p interactions, as well as Be+Be and Ar+Sc collisions in the SPS energy range are reviewed. …
The production of $K^{0}_{S}$ mesons in inelastic $\textit{p+p}$ collisions at beam momentum 158 GeV/c ($\sqrt{s_{NN}}=17.3$ GeV) was measured with the NA61/SHINE spectrometer at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron. Double-differential distributions were obtained in transverse momentum and rapidity. The mean multiplicity of $K^{0}_{S}$ was determined to be $0.162 \pm 0.001 (stat.) \pm 0.011 (sys.)$. The results on $K^{0}_{S}$ production are compared with model predictions (EPOS 1.99, SMASH 2.0, PHSD and UrQMD 3.4 models) as well as with published world data.
NA61/SHINE is a fixed target experiment at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron. The main goals of the experiment are to discover the critical point of strongly interacting matter and to study the properties of the onset of deconfinement. In order to reach these goals, a study of hadron production properties is performed in nucleus-nucleus, proton-proton and proton-nucleus interactions as a function of collision energy and size of the colliding nuclei. In this talk, the new results on identified charged kaon production in the intermediate size system (Ar+Sc and Be+Be) collisions at SPS beam momen…
NA61/SHINE is a fixed target experiment at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron. The main goals of the experiment are to discover the critical point of strongly interacting matter and to study the properties of the onset of deconfinement. In order to reach these goals, a study of hadron production properties is performed in nucleus-nucleus, proton-proton and proton-nucleus interactions as a function of collision energy and size of the colliding nuclei. In this talk, the newest preliminary results on kaon spectra produced in Ar+Sc collisions at three beam momenta (30A, 40A and 75A) will be shown. …
NA61/SHINE is a fixed target experiment at the CERN Super-Proton- Synchrotron. The main goals of the experiment are to discover the critical point of strongly interacting matter and to study the properties of the onset of deconfinement. In order to reach these goals, a study of hadron production properties is performed in nucleus-nucleus, proton-proton and proton-nucleus interactions as a function of collision energy and size of the colliding nuclei. In this paper, I will review recent results on strangeness production in p+p, Be+Be and Ar+Sc collisions in the SPS energy range. Kinematic spect…
