We study a variant of the Whitney extension problem for the space $C^kΛ^m_ω(R^n)$ of functions whose partial derivatives of order $k$ satisfy the generalized Zygmund condition. We identify $C^kΛ^m_ω(R^n)$ with a space of Lipschitz mappings from a metric space $(R^{n+1}_+,ρ_ω)$ supplied with a hyperbolic metric $ρ_ω$ into a metric space $({\cal P}_{k+m-1}\times R^{n+1}_+, d_ω)$ of polynomial fields on $R^{n+1}_+$ equipped with a hyperbolic-type metric $d_ω$. This identification allows us to reformulate the Whitney problem for $C^kΛ^m_ω(R^n)$ as a Lipschitz selection problem for set-valued mappings from $(R^{n+1}_+,ρ_ω)$ into a certain family of subsets of ${\cal P}_{k+m-1}\times R^{n+1}_+$.
We study a variant of the Whitney extension problem for the space $C^{k,ω}(R^n)$. We identify this space with a space of Lipschitz mappings from $R^n$ into the space $P_k \times R^n$ of polynomial fields on $R^n$ equipped with a certain metric. This identification allows us to reformulate the Whitney problem for $C^{k,ω}(R^n)$ as a Lipschitz selection problem for set-valued mappings into a certain family of subsets of $P_k \times R^n$. We prove a Helly-type criterion for the existence of Lipschitz selections for such set-valued mappings defined on finite sets. With the help of this criterion, …
In the setting of $\R^d$ with an $n-$dimensional measure $μ,$ we give several characterizations of Lipschitz spaces in terms of mean oscillations involving $μ.$ We also show that Lipschitz spaces are preserved by those Calderon-Zygmund operators $T$ associated to the measure $μ$ for which T(1) is the Lipschitz class $0.$
Let $D\subset \mathbb{R}^d$ be a bounded Lipschitz domain, $ω$ be a high order modulus of continuity and let $T$ be a convolution Calderón-Zygmund operator. We characterize the bounded restricted operators $T_D$ on the Zygmund space $\mathcal{C}_ω(D)$. The characterization is based on properties of $T_D P$ for appropriate polynomials $P$ restricted to $D$.
Letting $A \subset \mathbb{R}^n$ be Borel measurable and $W_0 : A \to \mathbb{G}(n,m)$ Lipschitzian, we establish that \begin{equation*} \limsup_{r \to 0^+} \frac{\mathcal{H}^m \left[ A \cap B(x,r) \cap (x+ W_0(x))\right]}{α(m)r^m} \geq \frac{1}{2^n}, \end{equation*} for $\mathcal{L}^n$-almost every $x \in A$. In particular, it follows that $A$ is $\mathcal{L}^n$-negligible if and only if $\mathcal{H}^m(A \cap (x+W_0(x))=0$, for $\mathcal{L}^n$-almost every $x \in A$.
In this paper we give a thorough study of Lipschitz spaces. We obtain the following new results: (1) Sharp Jawerth-Franke-type embeddings between the Besov and Lipschitz spaces extending the classical results for Besov and Sobolev spaces; (2) Sharp embeddings between Lipschitz spaces with different parameters extending the Brézis-Wainger result; (3) Characterizations for Lipschitz spaces norms via Fourier transforms and wavelets; (4) Sharp embeddings from Lipschitz spaces into Lebesgue/Lorentz-Zygmund spaces.
We extend the recently much-studied Hardy factorization theorems to the weight case. The key point of this paper is to establish the factorization theorems without individual condition on the weight functions. As a direct application, we obtain the characterizations of $BMO(\mathbb{R}^n)$ space and Lipschitz spaces via the weighted boundedness of commutators of multilinear Calderón-Zygmund operators with the genuinely multilinear weights.
We prove that a function in several variables is in the local Zygmund class $\mathcal Z^{m,1}$ if and only if its composite with every smooth curve is of class $\mathcal Z^{m,1}$. This complements the well-known analogous result for local Hölder--Lipschitz classes $\mathcal C^{m,α}$ which we reprove along the way. We demonstrate that these results generalize to mappings between Banach spaces and use them to study the regularity of the superposition operator $f_* : g \mapsto f \circ g$ acting on the global Zygmund space $Λ_{m+1}(\mathbb R^d)$. We prove that, for all integers $m,k\ge 1$, the map…
We prove that the weak Morrey space $WM^{p}_{q}$ is contained in the Morrey space $M^{p}_{q_{1}}$ for $1\leq q_{1}< q\leq p<\infty$. As applications, we show that if the commutator $[b,T]$ is bounded from $L^p$ to $L^{p,\infty}$ for some $p\in (1,\infty)$, then $b\in \mathrm{BMO}$, where $T$ is a Calderón-Zygmund operator. Also, for $1<p\leq q<\infty$, $b\in \mathrm{BMO}$ if and only if $[b,T]$ is bounded from $M^{p}_{q}$ to $WM_{q}^{p}$. For $b$ belonging to Lipschitz class, we obtain similar results.
We construct a regular random projection of a metric space onto a closed doubling subset and use it to linearly extend Lipschitz and $C^1$ functions. This way we prove more directly a result by Lee and Naor and we generalize the $C^1$ extension theorem by Whitney to Banach spaces.
Let $L^m_p(R^n)$, $p\in [1,\infty]$, be the homogeneous Sobolev space, and let $E\subset R^n$ be a closed set. For each $p>n$ and each non-negative integer $m$ we give an intrinsic characterization of the restrictions to $E$ of $m$-jets generated by functions $F\in L^{m+1}_p(R^n)$. Our trace criterion is expressed in terms of variations of corresponding Taylor remainders of $m$-jets evaluated on a certain family of "well separated" two point subsets of $E$. For $p=\infty$ this result coincides with the classical Whitney-Glaeser extension theorem for $m$-jets. Our approach is based on a represe…
Let $d$ be a metric on $R^n$ and let $C^{m,(d)}(R^n)$ be the space of $C^m$-function on $R^n$ whose partial derivatives of order $m$ belong to the space $Lip(R^n;d)$. We show that the homogeneous Sobolev space $L^{m+1}_p(R^n),p>n,$ can be represented as a union of $C^{m,(d)}(R^n)$-spaces where $d$ belongs to a family of metrics on $R^n$ with certain "nice" properties. This enables us in several important cases to give intrinsic characterizations of the restrictions of Sobolev spaces to arbitrary closed subsets of $R^n$. In particular, we generalize the classical Whitney extension theorem for t…
Given a Lipschitz domain $D\subset \mathbb{R}^d,$ a Calderón-Zygmund operator $T$ and a modulus of continuity $ω(x),$ we solve a problem when the restricted operator $T_Df=T(fχ_D)χ_D$ sends the Campanato space $\mathcal{C}_ω(D)$ into itself. The solution is a T1 type sufficient and necessary condition for the characteristic function $χ_D$ of $D$: $$(Tχ_D)χ_D \in \mathcal{C}_{\tildeω}(D),$$ assumed $\tildeω(x)= ω(x)/\int_x^1 ω(t)dt/t.$ To check the hypotheses of T1 theorem we need extra restrictions on both the boundary of $D$ and the operator $T.$ It is proved that the restricted Calderón-Zygm…
The aim of this article is to give a complete solution to the problem of the bilinear decompositions of the products of some Hardy spaces $H^p(\mathbb{R}^n)$ and their duals in the case when $p<1$ and near to $1$, via wavelets, paraproducts and the theory of bilinear Calderón-Zygmund operators. Precisely, the authors establish the bilinear decompositions of the product spaces $H^p(\mathbb{R}^n)\times\dotΛ_α (\mathbb{R}^n)$ and $H^p(\mathbb{R}^n)\timesΛ_α(\mathbb{R}^n)$, where, for all $p\in(\frac{n}{n+1},\,1)$ and $α:=n(\frac{1}{p}-1)$, $H^p(\mathbb{R}^n)$ denotes the classical real Hardy spac…
We characterize compact metric spaces whose locally flat Lipschitz functions separate points uniformly as exactly those that are purely 1-unrectifiable, resolving a problem of Weaver. We subsequently use this geometric characterization to answer several questions in Lipschitz analysis. Notably, it follows that the Lipschitz-free space $\mathcal{F}(M)$ over a compact metric space $M$ is a dual space if and only if $M$ is purely 1-unrectifiable. Furthermore, we establish a compact determinacy principle for the Radon-Nikodým property (RNP) and deduce that, for any complete metric space $M$, pure …
The classical phase retrieval problem arises in contexts ranging from speech recognition to x-ray crystallography and quantum state tomography. The generalization to matrix frames is natural in the sense that it corresponds to quantum tomography of impure states. We provide computable global stability bounds for the quasi-linear analysis map $β$ and a path forward for understanding related problems in terms of the differential geometry of key spaces. In particular, we manifest a Whitney stratification of the positive semidefinite matrices of low rank which allows us to ``stratify'' the computa…
Instituto Universitario de Matemática Pura y Aplicada（纯粹与应用数学大学研究所）；Universitat Politècnica de València（瓦伦西亚理工大学）
We consider a quasi-metric topological structure for the construction of a new reinforcement learning model in the framework of financial markets. It is based on a Lipschitz type extension of reward functions defined in metric spaces. Specifically, the McShane and Whitney extensions are considered for a reward function which is defined by the total evaluation of the benefits produced by the investment decision at a given time. We define the metric as a linear combination of a Euclidean distance and an angular metric component. All information about the evolution of the system from the beginnin…
We prove that every one-dimensional real Ambrosio-Kirchheim normal current in a Polish (i.e. complete separable metric) space can be naturally represented as an integral of simpler currents associated to Lipschitz curves. As a consequence a representation of every such current with zero boundary (i.e. a cycle) as an integral of so-called elementary solenoids (which are, very roughly speaking, more or less the same as asymptotic cycles introduced by S. Schwartzman)is obtained. The latter result on cycles is in fact a generalization of the analogous result proven by S. Smirnov for classical Whit…
We study the fractional Laplacian $(-Δ)^{σ/2}$ on the $n$-dimensional torus $\mathbb{T}^n$, $n\geq1$. First, we present a general extension problem that describes \textit{any} fractional power $L^γ$, $γ>0$, where $L$ is a general nonnegative selfadjoint operator defined in an $L^2$-space. This generalizes to all $γ>0$ and to a large class of operators the previous known results by Caffarelli and Silvestre. In particular it applies to the fractional Laplacian on the torus. The extension problem is used to prove interior and boundary Harnack's inequalities for $(-Δ)^{σ/2}$, when $0<σ<2$. We dedu…
Given $X$ a Hilbert space, $ω$ a modulus of continuity, $E$ an arbitrary subset of $X$, and functions $f:E\to\mathbb{R}$, $G:E\to X$, we provide necessary and sufficient conditions for the jet $(f,G)$ to admit an extension $(F, \nabla F)$ with $F:X\to \mathbb{R}$ convex and of class $C^{1, ω}(X)$, by means of a simple explicit formula. As a consequence of this result, if $ω$ is linear, we show that a variant of this formula provides explicit $C^{1,1}$ extensions of general (not necessarily convex) $1$-jets satisfying the usual Whitney extension condition, with best possible Lipschitz constants…
We prove that for any homogeneous, second order, constant complex coefficient elliptic system $L$, the Dirichlet problem in $\mathbb{R}^{n}_{+}$ with boundary data in BMO is well-posed in the class of functions $u$ with $dμ_u(x',t):=|\nabla u(x',t)|^2\,t\,dx'dt$ being a Carleson measure. We establish a Fatou type theorem guaranteeing the existence of the pointwise nontangential boundary trace for smooth null-solutions $u$ of such systems satisfying the said Carleson measure condition. These imply that BMO can be characterized as the collection of nontangential pointwise traces of smooth null-s…
