弦（通量管）与畴壁的量子融合
Quantum Fusion of Strings (Flux Tubes) and Domain Walls
摘要：
我们认为形成的复合字符串和域墙作为融合的两个基本对象（基本字符串在第一种情况下，在第二基本墙）位于彼此的距离。假设复合物体T_2的张力小于基本物体T_1的张力的两倍，从而束缚态是可能的。如果在初始状态下，熔合弦或壁之间的距离d远大于它们的厚度，并且满足条件T_1 d^2 >> 1（在弦的情况下）和T_1 d^3 >> 1（在壁的情况下），那么这个问题就可以完全准经典求解。熔合概率由该过程的第一个“势垒下”阶段决定。我们找到了反弹位形及其极值作用量S_B。在壁问题中，e^{-S_B}给出了单位时间单位面积的融合概率。在弦的情况下，由于对数红外发散，问题是很好地制定了有限长的字符串。单位时间内的融合概率可以在字符串长度远大于两个合并字符串之间的距离的极限下找到。
英文摘要：
We consider formation of composite strings and domain walls as a result of fusion of two elementary objects (elementary strings in the first case and elementary walls in the second) located at a distance from each other. The tension of the composite object T_2 is assumed to be less than twice the tension of the elementary object T_1, so that bound states are possible. If in the initial state the distance d between the fusing strings or walls is much larger than their thickness and satisfies the conditions T_1 d^2 >> 1 (in the string case) and T_1 d^3 >> 1 (in the wall case), the problem can be fully solved quasiclassically. The fusion probability is determined by the first, "under the barrier" stage of the process. We find the bounce configuration and its extremal action S_B. In the wall problem e^{-S_B} gives the fusion probability per unit time per unit area. In the string case, due to a logarithmic infrared divergence, the problem is well formulated only for finite-length strings. The fusion probability per unit time can be found in the limit in which the string length is much larger than the distance between two merging strings.
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