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arXiv 0905.1256astro-ph.HE
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异常X射线脉冲星4U 0142+61 2006-2007年活动相:辐射和时序变化、爆发和爆发光谱特征

The 2006-2007 Active Phase of Anomalous X-ray Pulsar 4U 0142+61: Radiative and Timing Changes, Bursts, and Burst Spectral Features

Fotis P. Gavriil, Rim Dib, Victoria M. Kaspi

摘要:

经过至少6年的沉寂,异常X射线脉冲星(AXP)4U 0142+61在2006年3月进入了一个持续数月的活跃阶段,包括6次X射线爆发以及持续X射线发射的许多变化。这些爆发是罗西X射线定时探测器监测11年来首次从AXP看到的,都发生在2006年4月6日至2007年2月7日之间。爆发持续时间范围为0.4-1.8 \times 103 s。前五个爆发光谱很好地模拟了黑体,温度kT ~ 2-9 keV。然而,第六次爆发有一个复杂的光谱,其特征是一个黑体加上两个发射特征,其幅度在整个爆发中变化。最突出的特征是在14.0 keV。在进入活跃期后,脉冲星的脉冲形态发生了重大变化,可能出现了定时故障。这个小故障的总频率跳变为(1.9 \pm 0.4)\times 10-7 Hz,恢复的衰减时间为17 \pm 2天,比初始跳变多,这意味着脉冲星的净自旋下降。在磁星模型的框架内,恒星的净自旋下降可以用超流体中旋转速度比其他区域慢的区域来解释。爆发,通量增强,脉冲形态的变化可以解释为由于高度扭曲的内部磁场施加的应力引起的地壳变形。然而,与其他AXP爆发不同的是,我们无法解释磁层中植入的主要扭曲。

英文摘要:

After at least 6 years of quiescence, Anomalous X-ray Pulsar (AXP) 4U 0142+61 entered an active phase in 2006 March that lasted several months and included six X-ray bursts as well as many changes in the persistent X-ray emission. The bursts, the first seen from this AXP in >11 years of Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer monitoring, all occurred in the interval between 2006 April 6 and 2007 February 7. The burst durations ranged from 0.4-1.8\times103 s. The first five burst spectra are well modeled by blackbodies, with temperatures kT ~ 2-9 keV. However, the sixth burst had a complicated spectrum that is well characterized by a blackbody plus two emission features whose amplitude varied throughout the burst. The most prominent feature was at 14.0 keV. Upon entry into the active phase the pulsar showed a significant change in pulse morphology and a likely timing glitch. The glitch had a total frequency jump of (1.9\pm0.4)\times10-7 Hz, which recovered with a decay time of 17\pm 2 days by more than the initial jump, implying a net spin-down of the pulsar. Within the framework of the magnetar model, the net spin-down of the star could be explained by regions of the superfluid that rotate slower than the rest. The bursts, flux enhancements, and pulse morphology changes can be explained as arising from crustal deformations due to stresses imposed by the highly twisted internal magnetic field. However, unlike other AXP outbursts, we cannot account for a major twist being implanted in the magnetosphere.

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