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arXiv 0905.0235hep-phnucl-th
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高密度下的半Skyrmion强子物质

Half-Skyrmion Hadronic Matter at High Density

Hyun Kyu Lee, Mannque Rho

备注：
To appear in "The Multifaceted Skyrmion" (World Scientific) ed. G.E. Brown and M. Rho
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摘要：

我们发现，当强子物质的密度$n_{1/2S}$低于或等于临界密度$n_c^{χSR}$时，嵌入FCC晶体中的强子物质将转变为夸克凝聚体消失（在手征极限）、π介子衰变常数{ \em非消失}的半Skyrmion物质，强子物质在该密度下将转变为手征对称性恢复相，夸克解除束缚.当隐藏的局部规范场和标量--一个“软”和一个“硬”--被合并时，这个阶段的特征是$a=1$，$f_π\neq 0$，隐藏的规范耦合$g\neq 0$，但$\ll 1$。虽然手征对称性在这个区域恢复，在$\la\bar{q}q\ra=0$的意义上，夸克仍然被限制在有质量的强子和无质量的π介子。这个相位似乎对应于在大$N_c$ QCD中预测的“夸克相位”。它也代表了“强子自由”制度相关的K介子凝聚在致密星密度。作为$g\to 0$（在手征极限），对称性“膨胀”--作为一种由于介质而产生的对称性--到$SU(N_f)^4$，正如Georgi为“矢量极限”提出的那样。“skyrmion物质分裂成半skyrmion物质类似于在（2+1）维中凝聚物质中出现的情况，其中半skyrmion或“meron”作为界面处的相关自由度进入。最后，从重子物质到色香味锁夸克物质的过渡可以通过半skyrmion物质来桥接。

英文摘要：

The hadronic matter described as a skyrmion matter embedded in an FCC crystal is found to turn into a half-skyrmion matter with vanishing (in the chiral limit) quark condensate and {\em non-vanishing} pion decay constant at a density $n_{1/2S}$ lower than or at the critical density $n_c^{χSR}$ at which hadronic matter changes over to a chiral symmetry restored phase with deconfined quarks. When hidden local gauge fields and dilaton scalars -- one "soft" and one "hard" -- are incorporated, this phase is characterized by $a=1$, $f_π\neq 0$ with the hidden gauge coupling $g\neq 0$ but $\ll 1$. While chiral symmetry is restored in this region in the sense that $\la\bar{q}q\ra=0$, quarks are still confined in massive hadrons and massless pions. This phase seems to correspond to the "quarkyonic phase" predicted in large $N_c$ QCD. It also represents the "hadronic freedom" regime relevant to kaon condensation at compact-star density. As $g\to 0$ (in the chiral limit), the symmetry "swells" -- as an emergent symmetry due to medium -- to $SU(N_f)^4$ as proposed by Georgi for the "vector limit." The fractionization of skyrmion matter into half-skyrmion matter is analogous to what appears to happen in condensed matter in (2+1) dimensions where half-skyrmions or "merons" enter as relevant degrees of freedom at the interface. Finally the transition from baryonic matter to color-flavor-locked quark matter can be bridged by a half-skyrmion matter.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。

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