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arXiv 0905.0213hep-th
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随机几何的因果透视

A causal perspective on random geometry

Stefan Zohren

摘要:

在这篇论文中,我们研究了因果关系在量子引力的非微扰方法中的重要性。首先,因果集被引入作为因果几何的一个简单的运动学模型。它示出了因果集可以占微观起源的贝肯斯坦熵界。全息和有限熵自然地出现在因果性和离散性之间的相互作用。然而,超越因果集运动学是有问题的。找到合适的振幅来附加到每个因果集上是一个困难的问题,我们需要定义引力的非微扰量子动力学。动态三角测量是一种非常适合于定义非微扰引力路径积分的方法。没有因果关系,这种方法会导致量子几何的不吸引人的特征。它表明因果关系是如何在调节这种病理行为的工具。在二维空间中,这种因果动态三角剖分的方法已经用传递矩阵法解析地解决了。在这篇论文中,已经取得了相当大的进展,在更强大的技术,这种方法的发展。通过矩阵模型和弦场论的制定使我们能够研究有趣的推广。特别是,它已成为可能的定义的拓扑扩展。一个令人惊讶的扭曲的新矩阵模型是,它部分解开大N和连续极限。这使得我们的因果模型在精神上比非临界弦论的传统矩阵模型更接近特胡夫特的原始思想。

英文摘要:

In this thesis we investigate the importance of causality in non-perturbative approaches to quantum gravity. Firstly, causal sets are introduced as a simple kinematical model for causal geometry. It is shown how causal sets could account for the microscopic origin of the Bekenstein entropy bound. Holography and finite entropy emerge naturally from the interplay between causality and discreteness. Going beyond causal set kinematics is problematic however. It is a hard problem to find the right amplitude to attach to each causal set that one needs to define the non-perturbative quantum dynamics of gravity. One approach which is ideally suited to define the non-perturbative gravitational path integral is dynamical triangulation. Without causality this method leads to unappealing features of the quantum geometry though. It is shown how causality is instrumental in regulating this pathological behavior. In two dimensions this approach of causal dynamical triangulations has been analytically solved by transfer matrix methods. In this thesis considerable progress has been made in the development of more powerful techniques for this approach. The formulation through matrix models and a string field theory allow us to study interesting generalizations. Particularly, it has become possible to define the topological expansion. A surprising twist of the new matrix model is that it partially disentangles the large-N and continuum limit. This makes our causal model much closer in spirit to the original idea by 't Hooft than the conventional matrix models of non-critical string theory.

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