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arXiv 0904.4543astro-ph.EP
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M矮星周围行星吸积的N体模拟

N-body simulations of planetary accretion around M dwarf stars

Masahiro Ogihara, Shigeru Ida

摘要:

我们通过N体模拟研究了M矮星周围冰线内的类地行星区域的行星吸积,包括与盘气体的潮汐相互作用。由于M矮星的低光度,宜居带(HZ)位于内部区域。在近区,由于小轨道半径处的盘气体密度较高,I型迁移和偏心阻尼引起的轨道衰减是有效的。在线性理论预测的I型迁移完全有效的情况下,我们发现迁移到主恒星附近的原行星经历了紧密的散射和碰撞,最终有4到6颗行星保持在相互的平均运动共振中,它们的轨道具有小的偏心率,并且在盘气体衰变前后都是稳定的。在缓慢迁移的情况下,共振捕获是如此有效,以至于密集的~ 40个小原行星保持在相互的平均运动共振中。在这种情况下,他们开始轨道交叉后,磁盘气体衰减和偏心阻尼由于潮汐与气体的相互作用是没有更有效的。通过原行星的合并,形成了几个行星在广泛分离的非共振轨道与相对较大的偏心率。因此,M矮星周围的类地行星的最终轨道构型敏感地依赖于I型迁移的强度。我们还发现,大量的水冰是由I型迁移从外部区域和最终的行星附近的内盘边缘周围的M矮星通常是丰富的水冰,除了最里面的一个是由外行星屏蔽,除非I型迁移速度降低了100倍以上的线性理论预测。

英文摘要:

We have investigated planetary accretion from planetesimals in terrestrial planet regions inside the ice line around M dwarf stars through N-body simulations including tidal interactions with disk gas. Because of low luminosity of M dwarfs, habitable zones (HZs) are located in inner regions. In the close-in HZ, type-I migration and the orbital decay induced by eccentricity damping are efficient according to the high disk gas density in the small orbital radii. In the case of full efficiency of type-I migration predicted by the linear theory, we found that protoplanets that migrate to the vicinity of the host star undergo close scatterings and collisions, and 4 to 6 planets eventually remain in mutual mean motion resonances and their orbits have small eccentricities and they are stable both before and after disk gas decays. In the case of slow migration, the resonant capture is so efficient that densely-packed ~ 40 small protoplanets remain in mutual mean motion resonances. In this case, they start orbit crossing, after the disk gas decays and eccentricity damping due to tidal interaction with gas is no more effective. Through merging of the protoplanets, several planets in widely-separated non-resonant orbits with relatively large eccentricities are formed. Thus, the final orbital configurations of the terrestrial planets around M dwarfs sensitively depend on strength of type-I migration. We also found that large amount of water-ice is delivered by type-I migration from outer regions and final planets near the inner disk edge around M dwarfs are generally abundant in water-ice except for the innermost one that is shielded by the outer planets, unless type-I migration speed is reduced by a factor of more than 100 from that predicted by the linear theory.

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