氢中激发能级的双光子衰变：级联分离和纯双光子发射的不确定性
Two-photon decay of excited levels in hydrogen: the ambiguity of the separation of cascades and pure two-photon emission
摘要：
本文讨论了氢原子激发态双光子衰减宽度的计算问题。采用两种不同的方法来评估包括级联通道的宽度：各种衰变通道的跃迁概率的总和和兰姆位移的虚部的评估。作为应用，计算了氢原子3s能级的衰变通道，包括级联跃迁几率3s-2 p-1 s和“纯”双光子衰变几率以及两个通道之间的干涉。在天体物理学背景下，一个重要的角色应该被分配给“纯”双光子概率，因为这种过程提供了一种可能性，在早期宇宙中的辐射和物质的去耦。我们证明了“纯”双光子贡献的分离的模糊性，并批评了现有的这种分离的尝试。
英文摘要：
The problem of the evaluation of the two-photon decay width of excited states in hydrogen is considered. Two different approaches to the evaluation of the width including cascades channels are employed: the summation of the transition probabilities for various decay channels and the evaluation of the imaginary part of the Lamb shift. As application the decay channels for the 3s level of the hydrogen atom are evaluated, including the cascade transition probability 3s-2p-1s as well as "pure" two-photon decay probability and the interference between both channels. An important role should be assigned to the "pure" two-photon probability in astrophysics context, since processes of this kind provide a possibility for the decoupling of radiation and matter in the early Universe. We demonstrate the ambiguity of separation of the "pure" two-photon contribution and criticize the existing attempts for such a separation.
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