短寿命$2S$态的μ子氢级联时间和寿命
Muonic hydrogen cascade time and lifetime of the short-lived $2S$ state
摘要：
亚稳态${2S}$ μ子-氢原子经历碰撞${2S}$ -淬灭，其速率强烈地依赖于${2S}$动能是高于还是低于${2S}\to {2P}$能量阈值.在阈值以上，允许碰撞${2S} \to {2P}$激发，随后是快速辐射${2P} \to {1S}$去激发。在0.6 hPa $\mathrm{H}_2$室温气压下测量相应的短寿命$μp ({2S})$组分，寿命为$τ_{2S}^\mathrm{short} = 165 ^{+38}_{-29}$ ns（即，$λ_{2S}^\mathrm{quench} = 7.9 ^{+1.8}_{-1.6} \times 10^{12} \mathrm{s}^{-1}$在液氢密度下）和群体$ε_{2S}^\mathrm{short} = 1.70^{+0.80}_{-0.56}$ %（每$μp$原子）。此外，还发现了$μp$级联时间值$T_\mathrm{cas}^{μp} = (37\pm5)$ ns。
英文摘要：
Metastable ${2S}$ muonic-hydrogen atoms undergo collisional ${2S}$-quenching, with rates which depend strongly on whether the $μp$ kinetic energy is above or below the ${2S}\to {2P}$ energy threshold. Above threshold, collisional ${2S} \to {2P}$ excitation followed by fast radiative ${2P} \to {1S}$ deexcitation is allowed. The corresponding short-lived $μp ({2S})$ component was measured at 0.6 hPa $\mathrm{H}_2$ room temperature gas pressure, with lifetime $τ_{2S}^\mathrm{short} = 165 ^{+38}_{-29}$ ns (i.e., $λ_{2S}^\mathrm{quench} = 7.9 ^{+1.8}_{-1.6} \times 10^{12} \mathrm{s}^{-1}$ at liquid-hydrogen density) and population $ε_{2S}^\mathrm{short} = 1.70^{+0.80}_{-0.56}$ % (per $μp$ atom). In addition, a value of the $μp$ cascade time, $T_\mathrm{cas}^{μp} = (37\pm5)$ ns, was found.
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