Given an embedded planar acyclic digraph G, we define the problem of acyclic hamiltonian path completion with crossing minimization (Acyclic-HPCCM) to be the problem of determining a hamiltonian path completion set of edges such that, when these edges are embedded on G, they create the smallest possible number of edge crossings and turn G to a hamiltonian acyclic digraph. Our results include: 1. We provide a characterization under which a planar st-digraph G is hamiltonian. 2. For an outerplanar st-digraph G, we define the st-polygon decomposition of G and, based on its properties, we develop a linear-time algorithm that solves the Acyclic-HPCCM problem. 3. For the class of planar st-digraphs, we establish an equivalence between the Acyclic-HPCCM problem and the problem of determining an upward 2-page topological book embedding with minimum number of spine crossings. We infer (based on this equivalence) for the class of outerplanar st-digraphs an upward topological 2-page book embedding with minimum number of spine crossings. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time that edge-crossing minimization is studied in conjunction with the acyclic hamiltonian completion problem and the first time that an optimal algorithm with respect to spine crossing minimization is presented for upward topological book embeddings.
An acyclic r-coloring of a directed graph G=(V,E) is a partition of the vertex set V into r acyclic sets. The dichromatic number of a directed graph G is the smallest r such that G allows an acyclic r-coloring. For symmetric digraphs the dichromatic number equals the well-known chromatic number of the underlying undirected graph. This allows us to carry over the W[1]-hardness and lower bounds for running times of the chromatic number problem parameterized by clique-width to the dichromatic number problem parameterized by directed clique-width. We introduce the first polynomial-time algorithm f…
The zeta and Moebius transforms over the subset lattice of $n$ elements and the so-called subset convolution are examples of unary and binary operations on set functions. While their direct computation requires $O(3^n)$ arithmetic operations, less naive algorithms only use $2^n \mathrm{poly}(n)$ operations, nearly linear in the input size. Here, we investigate a related $n$-ary operation that takes $n$ set functions as input and maps them to a new set function. This operation, we call multi-subset transform, is the core ingredient in the known inclusion--exclusion recurrence for weighted sums …
Directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) can be characterised as directed graphs whose strongly connected components are isolated vertices. Using this restriction on the strong components, we discover that when $m = cn$, where $m$ is the number of directed edges, $n$ is the number of vertices, and $c < 1$, the asymptotic probability that a random digraph is acyclic is an explicit function $p(c)$, such that $p(0) = 1$ and $p(1) = 0$. When $m = n(1 + μn^{-1/3})$, the asymptotic behaviour changes, and the probability that a digraph is acyclic becomes $n^{-1/3} C(μ)$, where $C(μ)$ is an explicit function of…
We consider the problem of finding a cycle in a sparse directed graph $G$ that is promised to be far from acyclic, meaning that the smallest feedback arc set in $G$ is large. We prove an information-theoretic lower bound, showing that for $N$-vertex graphs with constant outdegree any algorithm for this problem must make $\tildeΩ(N^{5/9})$ queries to an adjacency list representation of $G$. In the language of property testing, our result is an $\tildeΩ(N^{5/9})$ lower bound on the query complexity of one-sided algorithms for testing whether sparse digraphs with constant outdegree are far from a…
In a planar L-drawing of a directed graph (digraph) each edge e is represented as a polyline composed of a vertical segment starting at the tail of e and a horizontal segment ending at the head of e. Distinct edges may overlap, but not cross. Our main focus is on bimodal graphs, i.e., digraphs admitting a planar embedding in which the incoming and outgoing edges around each vertex are contiguous. We show that every plane bimodal graph without 2-cycles admits a planar L-drawing. This includes the class of upward-plane graphs. Finally, outerplanar digraphs admit a planar L-drawing - although the…
A semiorder is a model of preference relations where each element $x$ is associated with a utility value $α(x)$, and there is a threshold $t$ such that $y$ is preferred to $x$ iff $α(y) > α(x)+t$. These are motivated by the notion that there is some uncertainty in the utility values we assign an object or that a subject may be unable to distinguish a preference between objects whose values are close. However, they fail to model the well-known phenomenon that preferences are not always transitive. Also, if we are uncertain of the utility values, it is not logical that preference is determined a…
An instance of the NP-hard Quadratic Shortest Path Problem (QSPP) is called linearizable iff it is equivalent to an instance of the classic Shortest Path Problem (SPP) on the same input digraph. The linearization problem for the QSPP (LinQSPP) decides whether a given QSPP instance is linearizable and determines the corresponding SPP instance in the positive case. We provide a novel linear time algorithm for the LinQSPP on acyclic digraphs which runs considerably faster than the previously best algorithm. The algorithm is based on a new insight revealing that the linearizability of the QSPP for…
Given an undirected graph $G = (V, E)$, and a vertex $r\in V$, an $r$-acyclic orientation of $G$ is an orientation $OE$ of the edges of $G$ such that the digraph $OG = (V, OE)$ is acyclic and $r$ is the unique vertex with indegree equal to 0. For $w\in \mathbb{R}^E_+$, $k(G, w)$ is the value of the $w$-maximum packing of $r$-arborescences for all $r\in V$ and all $r$-acyclic orientations $OE$ of $G$. In this case, the Broadcast Routing (in Computers Networks) Problem (BRP) is to compute $k(G, w)$, by finding an optimal $r$ and an optimal $r$-acyclic orientation. BRP is a mathematical formulati…
We obtain new parameterized algorithms for the classical problem of determining whether a directed acyclic graph admits an upward planar drawing. Our results include a new fixed-parameter algorithm parameterized by the number of sources, an XP-algorithm parameterized by treewidth, and a fixed-parameter algorithm parameterized by treedepth. All three algorithms are obtained using a novel framework for the problem that combines SPQR tree-decompositions with parameterized techniques. Our approach unifies and pushes beyond previous tractability results for the problem on series-parallel digraphs, …
Structural parameterizations of Geodetic Set on directed (acyclic) graphs
Université Clermont-Auvergne（克莱蒙奥弗涅大学）；CNRS（法国国家科学研究中心）；Mines de Saint-Étienne（圣艾蒂安国立高等矿业学院）；Clermont-Auvergne-INP（克莱蒙奥弗涅理工学院）；LIMOS（LIMOS实验室）；Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune（印度科学教育研究学院浦那分校）
We study the complexity of the two dual covering and packing distance-based problems Broadcast Domination and Multipacking in digraphs. A dominating broadcast of a digraph $D$ is a function $f:V(D)\to\mathbb{N}$ such that for each vertex $v$ of $D$, there exists a vertex $t$ with $f(t)>0$ having a directed path to $v$ of length at most $f(t)$. The cost of $f$ is the sum of $f(v)$ over all vertices $v$. A multipacking is a set $S$ of vertices of $D$ such that for each vertex $v$ of $D$ and for every integer $d$, there are at most $d$ vertices from $S$ within directed distance at most $d$ from $…
Motivated by applications in cancer genomics and following the work of Hajirasouliha and Raphael (WABI 2014), Hujdurović et al. (IEEE TCBB, to appear) introduced the minimum conflict-free row split (MCRS) problem: split each row of a given binary matrix into a bitwise OR of a set of rows so that the resulting matrix corresponds to a perfect phylogeny and has the minimum possible number of rows among all matrices with this property. Hajirasouliha and Raphael also proposed the study of a similar problem, in which the task is to minimize the number of distinct rows of the resulting matrix. Hujdur…
On Complexity of Minimum Leaf Out-branching Problem
给定一个有向图$D$，最小叶子分支问题（MinLOB）是在$D$中找到具有最小可能叶子数量的分支的问题，即，出度为0的顶点。Gutin，Razgon and Kim（2008）证明了MinLOB对于无圈有向图是多项式时间可解的，无圈有向图恰好是有向路宽（DAG-宽度，有向树宽）为0的有向图。我们调查有多少人可以延长这个多项式的结果。我们已经证明，有向路径宽度（有向树宽度，DAG宽度，分别）1，MinLOB是NP-困难的有向图。另一方面，我们表明，限制有向树宽度（有向路径宽度，DAG宽度，分别）和一个固定的整数$k$的有向图，检查是否有一个最多$k$叶的外分支的问题是多项式时间可解的。
On the Complexity of the Minimum Cost Homomorphism Problem for Reflexive Multipartite Tournaments
对于有向图$D$和$H$，如果$uv\in A(D)$蕴涵$f(u)f(v)\in A(H).$，则映射$f: V(D)\dom V(H)$是$D$到$H$的同态。对于固定有向图$H$，同态问题是判定输入有向图$D$是否允许与$H$同态，记为HOMP（$H$）。有向图允许有环，但不允许有平行弧。同态问题的自然优化版本定义如下。如果每个顶点$u \in V(D)$与成本$c_i(u), i \in V(H)$相关联，则同态$f$的成本是$\sum_{u\in V(D)}c_{f(u)}(u)$。对于每一个固定有向图$H$，我们有{ \em最小成本同态问题} $H$，并将其表示为MinHOMP（$H$）。问题是对一个代价为$c_i(u),$ $u \in V(D), i\in V(H)$的输入图$D$，判定是否存在一个从$D$到$H$的同态，如果存在，则找出一个最小代价的同态.在最近的一篇论文中，我们提出了一个问题的特征多项式时间可解和NP-困难的情况下的最小成本同态问题的无环多部竞赛可能的循环（w.p.l.）。本文解决了自反多部竞赛图的问题，并证明了这类多部竞赛图w.p.l.问题的一个较好的困难性。使用4阶W.P.L.的非循环3部竞赛图作为例子。\footnote{This paper was submitted to Discrete Mathematics on April 6,…
