arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
北美退伍军人节(Veterans Day),12 日无更新
arXiv 0903.0866astro-ph.COgr-qchep-ph
收藏

宇宙加速物理学

The Physics of Cosmic Acceleration

Robert R. Caldwell, Marc Kamionkowski

摘要:

宇宙膨胀正在加速这一发现在物理学和天文学领域引起了强烈的理论和实验反应。这一发现意味着我们关于引力如何工作的最基本概念在宇宙学距离尺度上被违反了。一个简单的修正方法是在广义相对论的场方程中引入一个宇宙学常数。然而,相对于理论预期,宇宙学常数的值非常小,这使得理论家们探索了各种各样的替代解释,包括引入一种奇异的负压流体或修改广义相对论。在这里,我们简要回顾宇宙加速的证据。然后,我们调查了一些理论上的尝试来解释它,包括宇宙学常数,精髓及其变体,质量变化的中微子,和广义相对论的修改,如标量张量和$f(R)$理论和膜世界的情况。我们将讨论实验和观测测试,这可能使我们能够区分已经提出的一些理论观点。

英文摘要:

The discovery that the cosmic expansion is accelerating has been followed by an intense theoretical and experimental response in physics and astronomy. The discovery implies that our most basic notions about how gravity work are violated on cosmological distance scales. One simple fix is the introduction of a cosmological constant into the field equations for general relativity. However, the extremely small value of the cosmological constant, relative to theoretical expectations, has led theorists to explore a wide variety of alternative explanations that involve the introduction of an exotic negative-pressure fluid or a modification of general relativity. Here we briefly review the evidence for cosmic acceleration. We then survey some of the theoretical attempts to account for it, including the cosmological constant, quintessence and its variants, mass-varying neutrinos, and modifications of general relativity, such as scalar-tensor and $f(R)$ theories and braneworld scenarios. We discuss experimental and observational tests that may allow us to distinguish between some of the theoretical ideas that have been put forward.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

↑