UHECR may be either nucleons or nuclei; in the latter case the Lightest Nuclei, as He, Li, Be, explains at best the absence of Virgo signals and the crowding of events around Cen-A bent by galactic magnetic fields. This model fit the observed nuclear mass composition discovered in AUGER. However UHECR nucleons above GZK produce EeV neutrinos while Heavy Nuclei, as Fe UHECR do not produce much. UHECR He nuclei at few tens EeV suffer nuclear fragmentation (producing low energetic neutrino at tens PeVs) but it suffer anyway photo-pion GZK suppression (leading to EeV neutrinos) once above one-few 10^{20} eV. Both these cosmogenic UHE secondary neutrinos signals may influence usual predicted GZK Tau Neutrino Astronomy in significant and detectable way; the role of resonant antineutrino electron-electron leading to Tau air-shower may also rise.
Photon Astronomy ruled the last four centuries while wider photon band ruled last radio-X-Gamma century of discovery. Present decade may see the rise and competition of UHECR and UHE Neutrino Astronomy. Tau Neutrino may win and be the first flavor revealed. It could soon rise at horizons in AUGER at EeV energies, if nucleons are the main UHECR currier. If on the contrary UHECR are Lightest nuclei (He, Li. B) UHE tau neutrino maybe suppressed at EeV and enhanced at tens -hundred PeV. Detectable in AMIGA and HEAT denser sub-array in AUGER. Within a few years.
Earliest 2007 UHECR anisotropy findings and ICRC AUGER updated maps and clustering confirms our understanding of CenA as the main nearby UHECR source. Those events are mostly lightest nuclei, as He. The events are spread by galactic fields. We argue that the main UHECR event bending, along CenA, is spreading vertically (respect to horizontal spiral galactic fields) by random (and a final coherent) Lorentz force. The He-nuclei dominance is also well probed by detailed AUGER composition data. The Lightest nuclei are still compatible with most recent Hires composition results. Such lightest UHECR…
In this paper we review all the up-to-date Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECR) events reported by AUGER, by Telescope Array (TA) and by AGASA in common coordinate maps. We also confirm our earliest (2008-2013) model, where UHECR are mostly made by light nuclei (namely He, Be, B), which explains the Virgo absence and confirms M82 as the main source for North TA Hot Spot. Many more sources, such as NGC253 and several galactic ones, are possible candidates for most of the 376 UHECR events. Several correlated map, already considered in recent years, are then reported to show all the events, with…
We consider the recent results on UHECR (Ultra High Energy Cosmic Ray), clustering, composition, distribution in the sky, from the energy of several EeV with the dipole anisotropy up to the highest ones. We have suggested since 2008 and we reconfirm here that UHECR at 40 up to 70 EeV are mostly made by light and lightest nuclei. The remarkable Virgo absence and the few localized nearby extragalactic sources as CenA, NG 253, M82 may be well understood by the lightest nuclei fragility and opacity within Mpc distances. We comment also on the role of a few galactic UHECR sources at ten EeV that ma…
UHECR mystery survived first Auger claims of AGN connection within a GZK (100 Mpc size) Universe. Last 2010 UHECR maps and compositions do show a much lower correlation with AGN SuperGalactic maps and with protons (the two main ingredient of that claim). The three main AUGER results that survived are: an embarrassing absence of Virgo cluster UHECR, somehow an expected signal; a steady presence of Cen-A clustering and a remarkable signature of nuclei (not nucleon) composition. We claim that the He-like lightest nuclei may solve most of the puzzle: He UHECR cannot arrive from Virgo because light…
Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays, UHECR, maybe protons, as most still believe and claim, or nuclei; in particular lightest nuclei as we advocated recently. The first (Auger Collaboration) nucleon proposal (2007)[2] foresaw to trace clearly the UHECR GZK Universe reaching far (up to 100 Mpc) Super-Galactic-Plane, with little angular dispersion. On the contrary Lightest Nuclei model (2008)[3], inspired by observed composition and by nearest CenA clustering (almost a quarter of the AUGER events) explains a modest and narrow (few Mpc) Universe view, as well as the puzzling Virgo absence: lightest nuc…
UHECR Clustering: Lightest Nuclei from Local Sheet Galaxies
Rome University 1（罗马第一大学）；Mediterranian Institute of Fundamental Physics（地中海基础物理研究所）；National University of Oil and Gas Gubkin University（古比雪夫石油天然气国立大学）；Virtual Institute of Astroparticle Physics（虚拟高能天体物理研究所）；Southern Federal University（南方联邦大学）
The last few years, 2013-2016, the high energy neutrino events in ICECUBE and the last rich UHECR maps by AUGER and TA were hopefully opening a new High Energy astronomy age. Unfortunately the foreseen correlation between neutrino with best gamma X sources has not (yet) been found. The most celebrated GRB gamma sources do not correlate to any neutrino events. The expected Local Group anisotropy in UHECR within the nuleon GZK cut off, has just fade away. UHECR events from Virgo are almost absent. Above two hundred TeV energy tau neutrino might shine by double bang in detectable way in ICECUBE. …
The rise of nucleon UHECR above GZK astronomy made by protons is puzzled by three main mysteries: an unexpected nearby Virgo UHECR suppression, a rich crowded clustering frozen vertically (north-south) along Cen A, a composition suggesting nuclei and not nucleons. The UHECR map, initially consistent with GZK volumes, to day seem to be not much correlated with expected Super Galactic Plane. Moreover slant depth data of UHECR from AUGER airshower shape do not favor the proton but points to a nuclei, while HIRES, on the contrary favors mostly nucleons. We tried to solve the contradictions assumin…
UHE neutrinos with $E>10^{17}$ eV can be produced by ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECR) interacting with CMB photons (cosmogenic neutrinos) and by top-down sources, such as topological defects (TD), superheavy dark matter (SHDM) and mirror matter. Cosmogenic neutrinos are reliably predicted and their fluxes can be numerically evaluated using the observed flux of UHECR. The lower limit for the flux is obtained for the case of pure proton composition of the observed UHECR. The rigorous upper limit for cosmogenic neutrino flux also exists. The maximum neutrino energy is determined by maximum e…
Rome University “La Sapienza”（罗马大学）；MIFP, Rome, Italy（MIFP）；National University of Oil and Gas «Gubkin University»（国立石油天然气大学古布金大学）；Institute of Physics, Southern Federal University（南联邦大学物理研究所）
Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECR) at GZK cut off energy (E \geq 55 EeV eV) may keep sharp or diffused directionality wherever their composition is made by nucleon or light nuclei. AUGER UHECR (2007-2010) did show a mild clustering mainly around Cen A. Two over three of the recent discovered AUGER multiplet (a dozen of events each) tail clustering at twenty EeV are pointing to primary sources very near the same UHECR crowded Cen A region. The Tens EeV tail is aligned with the same UHECR events. We foresaw such possibility as fragment tails of lightest UHECR nuclei. We discuss the relevance …
The recent UHECR events by AUGER and the Telescope Array (TA) suggested that wide clusterings as the North and South, named Hot Spot, are related to near AGNs such as the one in M82 and Cen A. In the same frame since 2008 we assumed that the UHECR are made by light and lightest nuclei to explain the otherwise embarrassing absence of the huge nearby Virgo cluster, absence due to the fragility and the opacity of lightest nuclei by photo-dissociation from Virgo distances. Moreover UHECR map exhibits a few narrow clustering, some near the galactic plane, as toward SS 433 and on the opposite side o…
Cosmic-rays with energies exceeding 10^{19} eV are referred to as Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs). The sources of these particles and their acceleration mechanism are unknown, and for many years have been the issue of much debate. The first part of this review describes the main constraints, that are implied by UHECR observations on the properties of candidate UHECR sources, the candidate sources, and the related main open questions. In order to address the challenges of identifying the UHECR sources and of probing the physical mechanisms driving them, a "multi-messenger" approach will …
At highest energy edges Ultra High Energy Cosmic Ray, (UHECR) and PeVs neutrino (UHE neutrino), should soon offer new exciting astronomy. The fast and somehow contradictory growth of hundred of antagonist models shows the explosive vitality of those new astronomy frontiers. No conclusive understanding on the UHECR and UHE neutrino source are at hand. The earliest expectation of GRBs (as a one shoot Fireball model) as the main (UHE neutrino) sources has been rejected. The source of UHECR as the expected GZK ones within our Super-Galactic Plane (within few tens Mpc) it has been quite disproved. …
Ultra High Cosmic Rays) made by He-like lightest nuclei might fit clustering along Cen A. Moreover He like UHECR nuclei explain Virgo absence because the light nuclei fragility and opacity above a few Mpc. We foresaw (2009) that UHECR He from Cen-A AGN being fragile should partially fragment into secondaries at tens EeV multiplet (D,He^{3},p) as the recent twin multiplet discovered ones (AUGER-ICRC-2011), at 20 EeV along Cen A UHECR clustering. We suggest that UHECR are also heavy radioactive galactic nuclei as Ni^{56}, Ni^{57} and Co^{57} widely bent (tens degree up to 100 degrees) by galacti…
We consider the recent results on UHECR (Ultra High Energy Cosmic Ray) composition and their distribution in the sky from ten EeV energy (the dipole anisotropy) up to the highest UHECR energies and their clustering maps: UHECR have been found mostly made by light and lightest nuclei. We summarized the arguments that favor a few localized nearby extragalactic sources for most UHECR as CenA, NG 253, M82. We comment also on the possible partial role of a few remarkable galactic UHECR sources. Finally we revive the eventual role of a relic neutrino eV mass in dark hot halo (hit by ZeV neutrinos) t…
One of the most tantalizing questions in astronomy and astrophysics, namely the origin and the evolution of the cosmic accelerators that produce the highest energy cosmic rays (UHECR), may be best addressed through the observation of ultra high energy (UHE) cosmogenic neutrinos. Neutrinos travel from their source undeflected by magnetic fields and unimpeded by interactions with the cosmic microwave background. At high energies, neutrinos could be detected in dense, radio frequency (RF) transparent media via the Askaryan effect. The abundant cold ice covering the geographic South Pole, with its…
The most distant AGN, within the allowed GZK cut-off radius, have been recently candidate by many authors as the best location for observed UHECR origination. Indeed, the apparent homogeneity and isotropy of recent UHECR signals seems to require a far cosmic isotropic and homogeneous scenario involving a proton UHECR courier: our galaxy or nearest local group or super galactic plane (ruled by Virgo cluster) are too much near and apparently too much anisotropic in disagreement with PAO and TA almost homogeneous sample data. However, the few and mild observed UHECR clustering, the North and Sout…
Ultra High Cosmic Rays (UHECR) should be tracing their sources, making a new astronomy. Their events counting are finally growing, by Auger experiment, into cosmic sky. Their map should follow the mass distribution in a narrow cosmic volume (the GZK cut off region, correlated with Super Galactic Plane (SPG) or Local Group) if they were protons, as most expected. Recently the last 69 UHECR did not longer follow the SGP map, opening the way to very different correlations, and extreme bending connection; we reconfirm here our Lightest Nuclei interpretation, while showing here the last event over …
UHECR and UHE neutrino map correlation seem to most inconclusive. We show here that a few peculiar UHECR narrow clustering might be connected to a first UHE muon neutrino tracks. Moreover we discuss the best filtered and amplified UHE neutrino astronomy painted by up-going tau airshower. Their discover by new projects could be reached soon.
UHECR (Ultra High Cosmic Rays) made by He-like lightest nuclei might solve the AUGER extragalactic clustering along Cen A: He UHECR cannot arrive from Virgo because the light nuclei fragility and opacity above few Mpc; UHECR signals are clustering along Cen-A spreading as observed by horizontal galactic arms magnetic fields, along random vertical angles [18]. Cen A events by He-like spread along a width angle as large as the observed clustered one. UHECR He, being fragile should partially fragment in secondaries at tens EeV multiplet (D,He3,p) almost as it occurs in the very recent UHECR multi…
Ultra High Cosmic Rays) made by He-like lightest nuclei might solve the AUGER extragalactic clustering along Cen A. Moreover He like UHECR nuclei cannot arrive from Virgo because the light nuclei fragility and opacity above a few Mpc, explaining the Virgo UHECR absence. UHECR signals are spreading along Cen-A as observed because horizontal galactic arms magnetic fields, bending them on vertical angles. Cen A events by He-like nuclei are deflected as much as the observed clustered ones; proton will be more collimated while heavy (iron) nuclei are too much dispersed. Such a light nuclei UHECR co…
The Probe Of Extreme Multi-Messenger Astrophysics (POEMMA) mission is being designed to establish charged-particle astronomy with ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) and to observe cosmogenic tau neutrinos (CTNs). The study of UHECRs and CTNs from space will yield orders-of-magnitude increase in statistics of observed UHECRs at the highest energies, and the observation of the cosmogenic flux of neutrinos for a range of UHECR models. These observations should solve the long-standing puzzle of the origin of the highest energy particles ever observed, providing a new window onto the most energ…
We present a bottom-up calculation of the flux of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) and high-energy neutrinos produced by powerful jets of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). By propagating test particles in 3D relativistic magnetohydrodynamic jet simulations, including a Monte Carlo treatment of sub-grid pitch-angle scattering and attenuation losses due to realistic photon fields, we study the spectrum and composition of the accelerated UHECRs and estimate the amount of neutrinos produced in such sources. We find that UHECRs may not be significantly affected by photodisintegration in AGN jets…
Highest energy neutrino events (contained) in cubic km ICECUBE detector resulted in last three years to be as many as $37-2=35$ signals (two of those having been recently discharged); these tens-hundred TeV (32 energetic events) up to rarest (only 3) PeV cascade showers, proved to have an extraterrestrial origin. The UHE neutrino flavor transition from a $ν_μ$ atmospheric dominance (over $ν_{e}$ showers at TeV energy), toward a higher energy shower cascade ($ν_{e}$, $ν_τ$) events at few tens TeV up to PeV energy is a hint of such a fast extraterrestrial injection. The majority (28 out of 35) o…
High Energy Neutrino Astronomy has been revealed by a sudden change in the flavor composition around maximal energies since three years of recording in ice km detector. However these discover didn' t led to any clear promised Neutrino Astronomy land yet. No correlation with hard gamma sources was found. Moreover the astrophysical spectra expected at Fermi value, seem to converge to a softer value, also required to avoid any Glashow resonant neutrino signal. We suggest a main solution within a composite flux ruled by prompt atmospheric neutrinos. Nevertheless the recent discover of twentyone cr…
In this work, we present detailed simulations for propagation of ultra-high energy (UHE) heavy nuclei, with E > 60 EeV, within recent Galactic Magnetic Field (GMF) models. We investigate the impacts of the regular and turbulent components of the GMF. We show that with UHE heavy nuclei, there is no one-to-one correspondence between the arrival directions of cosmic rays (CR) measured at Earth and the direction of their extragalactic sources. Sources can have several distorted images on the sky. We compute images of galaxy clusters and of the supergalactic plane in recent GMF models and show the …
