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arXiv 0901.4120astro-ph.SR
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500万年前上天蝎座OB星协星周星云的Spitzer光谱

Spitzer Spectroscopy of Circumstellar Disks in the 5 Myr Old Upper Scorpius OB Association

S. E. Dahm, John M. Carpenter

摘要:

我们目前的中红外光谱之间的5.2和38微米的26个磁盘轴承成员的~500万年的上天蝎座OB协会获得的红外光谱仪机载斯皮策太空望远镜。我们发现了早期(B + A)和晚期(K + M)型红外过量星之间尘埃辐射光谱特征变化的明确证据。早期类型的成员表现出无特征的连续过剩,变得明显的红约8微米。相比之下,10和20微米的硅酸盐特征存在于上天蝎座的晚期过剩成员中,只有一个例外。晚型上天蝎座成员的硅酸盐发射强度与光谱类型有关,最突出的特征与K5-M2型恒星有关。通过用吸积盘模型拟合低质量恒星样本的光谱能量分布,发现其与吸积盘内径为0.2~1.2 AU的模型一致。对上天蝎座多余恒星的互补高分辨率光谱进行了检查,以确定气体吸积的特征。在上天蝎座发现的35颗红外线过剩恒星中,只有7颗(都是晚型)表现出吸积的特征。这些恒星的质量吸积率从1e-11到1e-9太阳质量/年不等。与金牛座-御夫座的II类源相比,上天蝎座的圆盘人口具有降低的近红外和中红外过量发射水平,以及低一个数量级的质量吸积率。这些结果表明,在2 - 4百万年的时间里,这两个恒星星族的星盘结构发生了显著的变化。在上天蝎座多余样本中,耗尽的内部圆盘无处不在,这意味着这种圆盘是一种常见的进化途径,持续了一段时间。

英文摘要:

We present mid-infrared spectra between 5.2 and 38 microns for 26 disk-bearing members of the ~5 Myr old Upper Scorpius OB association obtained with the Infrared Spectrograph onboard the Spitzer Space Telescope. We find clear evidence for changes in the spectral characteristics of dust emission between the early (B+A) and late-type (K+M) infrared excess stars. The early-type members exhibit featureless continuum excesses that become apparent redward of ~8 microns. In contrast, 10 and 20 micron silicate features are present in all but one of the late-type excess members of Upper Scorpius. The strength of silicate emission among late-type Upper Scorpius members is spectral type dependent, with the most prominent features being associated with K5-M2 type stars. By fitting the spectral energy distributions (SED) of a sample of low-mass stars with accretion disk models, we find that the SEDs are consistent with models having inner disk radii ranging from ~0.2 to 1.2 AU. Complementary high resolution optical spectra for the Upper Scorpius excess stars were examined for signatures of gaseous accretion. Of the 35 infrared excess stars identified in Upper Scorpius, only 7 (all late-type) exhibit signatures of accretion. Mass accretion rates for these stars range from ~1e-11 to 1e-9 solar masses/yr. Compared to Class II sources in Taurus-Auriga, the disk population in Upper Scorpius exhibits reduced levels of near and mid-infrared excess emission and an order of magnitude lower mass accretion rates. These results suggest that the disk structure has changed significantly over the 2-4 Myr in age separating these two stellar populations. The ubiquity of depleted inner disks in the Upper Scorpius excess sample implies that such disks are a common evolutionary pathway that persists for some time.

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