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arXiv 1104.5012astro-ph.SR
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I型In超新星尘埃的斯皮策巡天

A Spitzer Survey for Dust in Type IIn Supernovae

Ori D. Fox, Roger A. Chevalier, Michael F. Skrutskie, Alicia M. Soderberg, Alexei V. Filippenko, Mohan Ganeshalingam, Jeffrey M. Silverman, Nathan Smith, Thea N. Steele

摘要:

最近的观测表明,IIn型超新星(SNe IIn)可能比其他类型的核心坍缩超新星表现出更多的来自温暖尘埃的后期(>100天)红外(IR)辐射。中红外观测,跨越热光谱能量分布的峰值,提供了有用的约束的灰尘的属性,并最终,拱星环境,爆炸机制,和祖系统。由于SN IIn比率较低(<所有核心塌陷SNe的10%),很少有IR观测存在于这个子类。然而,少数孤立的研究表明,在某些情况下,温暖的尘埃的后期红外辐射会在发现后持续五到六年。虽然以前的斯皮策/IRAC调查已经在SNe中搜索了尘埃,但没有一个针对IIn型亚类。本文介绍了斯皮策/IRAC在1999年至2008年期间对距离250 Mpc的所有68个已知SNe IIn的位置进行的温暖调查的结果,这些位置在发现后100多天仍未被斯皮策观测到。从10个目标(~15%)的晚时间发射的检测几乎是现有的SNe IIn中红外观测数据库的两倍。虽然光学光谱显示在某些情况下新的尘埃形成的证据,数据显示,在大多数情况下,中红外辐射的可能来源是预先存在的尘埃,这是不断加热的光学辐射产生的持续拱星相互作用之间的前向冲击和拱星介质。此外,一个新出现的趋势表明,一旦前向冲击超过尘埃壳层,这些SNe在发现后约1000- 2000天下降。与这些尘埃壳相关的质量损失率与亮蓝变星(LBV)的祖先是一致的。

英文摘要:

Recent observations suggest that Type IIn supernovae (SNe IIn) may exhibit late-time (>100 days) infrared (IR) emission from warm dust more than other types of core-collapse SNe. Mid-IR observations, which span the peak of the thermal spectral energy distribution, provide useful constraints on the properties of the dust and, ultimately, the circumstellar environment, explosion mechanism, and progenitor system. Due to the low SN IIn rate (<10% of all core-collapse SNe), few IR observations exist for this subclass. The handful of isolated studies, however, show late-time IR emission from warm dust that, in some cases, extends for five or six years post-discovery. While previous Spitzer/IRAC surveys have searched for dust in SNe, none have targeted the Type IIn subclass. This article presents results from a warm Spitzer/IRAC survey of the positions of all 68 known SNe IIn within a distance of 250 Mpc between 1999 and 2008 that have remained unobserved by Spitzer more than 100 days post-discovery. The detection of late-time emission from ten targets (~15%) nearly doubles the database of existing mid-IR observations of SNe IIn. Although optical spectra show evidence for new dust formation in some cases, the data show that in most cases the likely origin of the mid-IR emission is pre-existing dust, which is continuously heated by optical emission generated by ongoing circumstellar interaction between the forward shock and circumstellar medium. Furthermore, an emerging trend suggests that these SNe decline at ~1000--2000 days post-discovery once the forward shock overruns the dust shell. The mass-loss rates associated with these dust shells are consistent with luminous blue variable (LBV) progenitors.

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