arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv周末暂无论文更新,休息一下吧,周末愉快~~
arXiv 0901.1823cond-mat.stat-mech
收藏

通过计算机模拟测定phase diagrams:方法学及其在水、电解质和蛋白质中的应用

Determination of phase diagrams via computer simulation: Methodology and applications to water, electrolytes and proteins

C. Vega, E. Sanz, J. L. F. Abascal, E. G. Noya

摘要:

在这篇综述中,我们着重于通过计算机模拟确定相图,特别注意流-固和固-固平衡。详细介绍了用爱因斯坦晶体和爱因斯坦分子方法计算固相自由能的方法。结果表明,对于硬球固体,这两种方法产生相同的结果,固相的自由能存在显着的有限尺寸效应。可以引入有限尺寸修正,尽管是以近似的方式,以修正自由能对系统尺寸的依赖性。固相自由能的计算可以推广到分子流体。本文将介绍用SPC/E和TIP 4P模型计算水的固相(冰Ih、II、III、IV、V、VI、VII、VIII、IX、XI和XII)的自由能的过程,并讨论直接流固共存或模拟固体自由表面等估算固体熔点的其他方法。它将表明,冰Ih的熔点的几个水模型,从这两种方法和自由能计算得到同意的统计不确定性。相图计算可以帮助改进分子流体的势模型;对于水,TIP 4P/2005模型可以被视为TIP 4P的改进版本。我们还将回顾最近关于最简单的离子模型,限制原始模型的相图的一些工作。虽然最初设计用于描述离子液体,但该模型在描述带电胶体时变得非常流行。此外,将讨论简单蛋白质模型获得流体-固体平衡的可能性。在这些原始模型中,蛋白质由具有某些各向异性键合位点的球势描述。

英文摘要:

In this review we focus on the determination of phase diagrams by computer simulation with particular attention to the fluid-solid and solid-solid equilibria. The calculation of the free energy of solid phases using the Einstein crystal and Einstein molecule methods are described in detail. It is shown that for the hard spheres solid both methods yield the same results and that free energies of solid phases present noticeable finite size effects. Finite size corrections can be introduced, although in an approximate way, to correct for the dependence of the free energy on the size of the system. The computation of free energies of solid phases can be extended to molecular fluids. The procedure to compute free energies of solid phases of water (ices Ih, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, XI and XII) using the SPC/E and TIP4P models will be described.Other methods to estimate the melting point of a solid, as the direct fluid-solid coexistence or simulations of the free surface of the solid will be discussed. It will be shown that the melting points of ice Ih for several water models, obtained from these two methods and from free energy calculations agree within statistical uncertainty. Phase diagram calculations can help to improve potential models of molecular fluids; for water, the TIP4P/2005 model can be regarded as an improved version of TIP4P. We will also review some recent work on the phase diagram of the simplest ionic model, the restricted primitive model. Although originally devised to describe ionic liquids, the model is becoming quite popular to describe charged colloids. Besides the possibility of obtaining fluid-solid equilibria for simple protein models will be discussed. In these primitive models, the protein is described by a spherical potential with certain anisotropic bonding sites.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

↑