用多普勒激光雷达观测检验小晶体对冰尺寸谱的影响
Testing the influence of small crystals on ice size spectra using Doppler lidar observations
摘要：
本文介绍了用1.5微米多普勒激光雷达测量冰晶垂直速度的实验结果。本文分析了连续17个月的层状冰云样品的统计数据：速度分布随温度变化很大，平均多普勒速度从-40 ℃时的0.2m/s增加到-10 ℃时的0.6m/s，这可能是由于粒子的生长和尺寸谱的加宽。我们研究了小于60微米的小晶体可能产生的影响，通过对它们对面积加权下降速度的影响进行正向建模，并将结果与激光雷达观测结果进行比较。这一对比有力地表明，这些小晶体在大多数冰云中的浓度远低于云滴探测器在现场测得的浓度。这种差异是由于破碎的大晶体的探头入口，我们认为，这些众多的小颗粒不应该包括在数值天气和气候模式参数化。
英文摘要：
Measurements of the vertical velocity of ice crystals using a 1.5micron Doppler lidar are described. The statistics from a continuous sample of stratiform ice clouds over 17 months are analysed: the distribution of velocity varies strongly with temperature, with average Doppler velocities of 0.2m/s at -40C increasing to 0.6m/s at -10C presumably due to particle growth and broadening of the size spectrum. We examine the likely influence of small crystals less than 60 microns by forward modelling their effect on the area-weighted fall speed, and comparing the results to the lidar observations. The comparison strongly suggests that the concentration of these small crystals in most ice clouds is much lower than measured in-situ by cloud droplet probes. The discrepancy is attributed to shattering of large crystals on the probe inlet, and we argue that these numerous small particles should not be included in numerical weather and climate model parametrizations.
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