利用激光雷达和雷达测量云边界高度
Cloud boundary height measurements using lidar and radar
摘要：
仅使用激光雷达或雷达通常不可能准确估计云边界高度。激光雷达和雷达的结合可以在更广泛的情况下提供可靠的云边界估计。然而，这种与标准方法的结合仍然不能在所有情况下测量云边界。这将用来自云和辐射测量活动的数据来说明。降雨是一个问题：雷达在测量雨滴存在的小云滴时有问题。同样，在雷达测量中，云底以下的大颗粒很少能掩盖云底。在水云的云底或大面积的冰云中，由于颗粒很小，雷达反射率可能很低。多个云层和具有镜面反射的云层会给激光雷达带来问题。更先进的测量技术建议解决这些问题。例如，角度扫描激光雷达可以检测镜面反射，而使用来自雷达多普勒速度谱的信息可以帮助检测下雨期间的云。
英文摘要：
Using only lidar or radar an accurate cloud boundary height estimate is often not possible. The combination of lidar and radar can give a reliable cloud boundary estimate in a much broader range of cases. However, also this combination with standard methods still can not measure the cloud boundaries in all cases. This will be illustrated with data from the Clouds and Radiation measurement campaigns, CLARA. Rain is a problem: the radar has problems to measure the small cloud droplets in the presence of raindrops. Similarly, few large particles below cloud base can obscure the cloud base in radar measurements. And the radar reflectivity can be very low at the cloud base of water clouds or in large regions of ice clouds, due to small particles. Multiple cloud layers and clouds with specular reflections can pose problems for lidar. More advanced measurement techniques are suggested to solve these problems. An angle scanning lidar can, for example, detect specular reflections, while using information from the radars Doppler velocity spectrum may help to detect clouds during rain.
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