Temperature dependent magnetometry and transport measurements on epitaxial Fe3O4 films grown on BaTiO3(100) single crystals by molecular beam epitaxy show a series of discontinuities, that are due to changes in the magnetic anisotropy induced by strain in the different crystal phases of BaTiO3. The magnetite film is under tensile strain at room temperature, which is ascribed to the lattice expansion of BaTiO3 at the cubic to tetragonal transition, indicating that the magnetite film is relaxed at the growth temperature. From the magnetization versus temperature curves, the variation in the magnetic anisotropy is determined and compared with the magnetoelastic anisotropies. These results demonstrate the possibility of using the piezoelectric response of BaTiO3 to modulate the magnetic anisotropy of magnetite films.
Electronic and magnetic structure of epitaxial NiO/Fe$_3$O$_4$(001) heterostructures grown on MgO(001) and Nb-doped SrTiO$_3$(001)
我们研究了一些磁铁矿基薄膜的基本化学，电子和磁性。主要研究了MgO（001）和Nb-SrTiO $_3$（001）衬底上生长的NiO/Fe $_3$ O $_4$（001）双层薄膜。我们比较的结果与纯Fe $_3$ O $_4$（001）薄膜。结果发现，磁铁矿层被氧化，Fe $^{3+}$占主导地位的表面由于磁赤铁矿（$γ$ -Fe $_2$ O $_3$）的形成，这减少了磁铁矿层的厚度。从约20 nm的层厚度上的阳离子分布接近于化学计量的Fe $_3$ O $_4$。在NiO和Fe $_3$ O $_4$之间的界面处，我们发现Ni处于二价态，在Ni 2 p核心水平X射线光电子能谱中具有NiO典型的明确的光谱特征。通过XMCD可以排除明显的NiFe $_2$ O $_4$中间层的形成。磁光克尔效应测量揭示了显着更高的矫顽场相比，MgO（001）和45 $^{\circ}$旋转磁易轴上生长的磁铁矿薄膜。我们讨论了磁性层的自旋磁矩，发现磁矩随薄膜厚度的增加而增加。在较低的厚度下，在Nb-SrTiO $_3$上生长的NiO/Fe $_3$ O $_4$薄膜的自旋磁矩显著降低。20 nm或更高的厚度导致自旋磁矩接近块状磁铁矿的自旋磁矩。
Epitaxial thin film fabrication of iron oxides including magnetite Fe3O4 and epsilon-ferrite epsilon-Fe2O3 with the potential for advancing electromagnetic devices has been investigated, which led to the first ever epsilon-ferrite epitaxial layer being synthesized in the conventional sputtering process. Concerning Fe3O4 (100) / MgO (100) films, a cube-on-cube epitaxial relationship and sharp rocking curves with FWHM of 50 - 350 arcsec were confirmed regardless of the small amount of Ge additions. Sputtering Ar gas pressure PAr heavily influenced their magnetic and transport properties. High PA…
We present a study on the magnetic behavior of dextran-coated magnetite nanoparticles (DM NPs) with sizes between 3 and 19 nm, synthesized by hydrothermal-assisted co-precipitation method. The decrease of saturation magnetization ($M_s$) with decreasing particle size has been modeled by assuming the existence of a spin-disordered layer at the particle surface, which is magnetically dead. Based on this core-shell model and taking into account the weight contribution of the non-magnetic coating layer (dextran) to the whole magnetization, the dead layer thickness ($t$) and saturation magnetizatio…
We report on the generation and transport of thermal spin currents in fully epitaxial γ-Fe$_2$O$_3$/NiO(001)/Pt and Fe$_3$O$_4$/NiO(001)/Pt trilayers. A thermal gradient, perpendicular to the plane of the sample, generates a magnonic spin current in the ferrimagnetic maghemite (γ-Fe$_2$O$_3$) and magnetite (Fe$_3$O$_4$) thin films by means of the spin Seebeck effect. The spin current propagates across the epitaxial, antiferromagnetic insulating NiO layer, before being detected in the Pt layer by the inverse spin Hall effect. The transport of the spin signal is studied as a function of the NiO …
High quality stoichiometric magnetite (Fe3O4) films grown by infrared pulsed laser deposition (IR-PLD) on different surfaces were investigated in order to study the influence of the substrate, orientation, and thickness on their magnetic behavior. Different single crystal (001)-oriented substrates, i.e., SrTiO3(001), MgAl2O4(001) and MgO(001), have been used for the preparation of epitaxial Fe3O4(001) films. By comparison, polycrystalline magnetite films were obtained on both single crystal Al2O3(0001) and amorphous Si/SiO2 substrates. The thickness has been varied between 50 - 400 nm. All fil…
Strain-Tunable Magnetocrystalline Anisotropy in Epitaxial Y3Fe5O12 Thin Films
我们证明了在晶格失配的Y3 Al 5 O 12衬底上生长的具有优良结晶质量的外延Y3 Fe 5 O 12薄膜中，磁晶各向异性的应变调谐范围超过一千高斯。铁磁共振（FMR）测量结果显示，Y3 Fe 5 O 12的应变引起的四元畸变的面外和面内单轴各向异性的线性依赖。重要的是，我们发现由逆自旋霍尔效应和FMR线宽展宽确定的自旋混合电导G_r仍然很大：Pt/Y3 Fe 5 O 12/Y3 Al 5 O 12异质结构中的G_r = 3.33 x 10^14 Ohm^-1 m ^-2，与在晶格匹配的Gd 3Ga 5 O 12衬底上生长的Pt/Y3 Fe 5 O 12中发现的值相当。
Tailoring Gilbert damping of metallic ferromagnetic thin films is one of the central interests in spintronics applications. Here we report a giant Gilbert damping anisotropy in epitaxial Co$_{50}$Fe$_{50}$ thin film with a maximum-minimum damping ratio of 400 \%, determined by broadband spin-torque as well as inductive ferromagnetic resonance. We conclude that the origin of this damping anisotropy is the variation of the spin orbit coupling for different magnetization orientations in the cubic lattice, which is further corroborate from the magnitude of the anisotropic magnetoresistance in Co$_…
Epitaxy of Fe3O4 on Si(001) by pulsed laser deposition using a TiN/MgO buffer layer
氧化物材料在硅（Si）衬底上的外延对于使用氧化物的各种物理性质如铁电性、铁磁性或超导性的未来功能器件具有极大的兴趣。最近，具有高自旋极化的载流子的材料已经成为自旋电子学中的氧化物-氧化物混合器件的关注点。在这里，我们报告的脉冲激光沉积磁铁矿（Fe 3 O 4）在Si（001）衬底上清洁的原位激光束高温处理。在沉积氮化钛（TiN）和氧化镁（MgO）的双缓冲层之后，可以生长高质量的外延磁铁矿层，如通过RHEED强度振荡和高分辨率X射线衍射所验证的。
We investigated perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) and related properties of epitaxial Fe (0.7 nm)/MgAl2O4(001) heterostructures prepared by electron-beam evaporation. Using an optimized structure, we obtained a large PMA energy ~1 MJ/m3 at room temperature, comparable to that in ultrathin-Fe/MgO(001) heterostructures. Both the PMA energy and saturation magnetization show weak temperature dependence, ensuring wide working temperature in application. The effective magnetic damping constant of the 0.7 nm Fe layer was ~0.02 using time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect. This study demonstr…
Cerium substituted yttrium iron garnet (Ce:YIG) epitaxial thin films are prepared on gadolinium gallium garnet (GGG) substrate with pulsed laser deposition (PLD). It is observed that the films grown on GGG(111) substrate exhibit perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) as compared to films grown on GGG(100) substrate. The developed PMA is confirmed from magneto-optical Kerr effect, bulk magnetization and ferromagnetic resonance measurements. Further, the magnetic bubble domains are observed in the films exhibiting PMA. The observations are explained in terms of the growth direction of Ce:YIG fi…
Strain-Induced Magnetic Anisotropy in Epitaxial Thin Films of the Spinel CoCr$_2$O$_4$
我们发现，在尖晶石结构的CoCr $_2$ O $_4$薄膜的磁各向异性表现出应变依赖性，其中压缩应变引起的面外磁易轴和拉伸应变的面内易轴，完全相反的行为报告的相关化合物CoFe $_2$ O $_4$。我们使用LSDA+U近似下的密度泛函理论计算来重现和解释观察到的行为。使用二阶微扰理论，我们分析的各向异性张量的钴$^{2+}$离子在八面体和四面体的协调，使我们能够扩展我们的结果与钴$^{2+}$离子的一般安排的尖晶石。
We show tunable strain-induced perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) over a wide range of thicknesses in epitaxial ferrimagnetic insulator Eu3Fe5O12 (EuIG) and Tb3Fe5O12 (TbIG) thin films grown by pulsed-laser deposition on Gd3Ga5O12 with (001) and (111) orientations, respectively. The PMA field is determined by measuring the induced anomalous Hall loops in Pt deposited on the garnet films. Due to positive magnetostriction constants, compressive in-plane strain induces a PMA field as large as 32.9 kOe for 4 nm thick EuIG and 66.7 kOe for 5 nm thick TbIG at 300 K, and relaxes extremely slowly…
Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) energy up to $K_{\mathrm{u}}=6.1\pm0.8$ MJ m$^{-3}$ is demonstrated in this study by inducing large lattice-distortion exceeding 3% at room temperature in epitaxially distorted cobalt ferrite Co$ _{x} $Fe$ _{3-x} $O$ _{4} $ (x = 0.72) (001) thin films. Although the thin film materials include no rare-earth elements or noble metals, the observed $ K_{u} $ is larger than that of the neodymium-iron-boron compounds for high-performance permanent magnets. The large PMA is attributed to the significantly enhanced magneto-elastic effects, which are pronounced i…
Single-crystal Heusler atomic-scale superlattices that have been predicted to exhibit perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and half-metallicity have been successfully grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Superlattices consisting of full-Heusler Co$_2$MnAl and Fe$_2$MnAl with one to three unit cell periodicity were grown on GaAs (001), MgO (001), and Cr (001)/MgO (001). Electron energy loss spectroscopy maps confirmed clearly segregated epitaxial Heusler layers with high cobalt or high iron concentrations for samples grown near room temperature on GaAs (001). Superlattice structures grown with an exce…
Ultrafast photo-induced phase transitions occurring under the impact of femtosecond laser pulses provide versatile opport unities for switching solids between distinctly-different crystalline, electronic, and magnetic states and thus modify their functional properties in a significant way. In this paper, we report on the laser-induced spin reorientation and Verwey phase transitions in a single crystalline ferrimagnetic magnetite Fe$_3$O$_4$. Using femtosecond optical and magneto-optical pump-probe techniques, we define the range of the initial sample temperatures and laser fluences when partia…
Strain engineering is a powerful mean for tuning the various functionalities of ABO3 perovskite oxide thin films. Rare-earth orthoferrite RFeO3 materials such as NdFeO3 (NFO) are of prime interest because of their intriguing magnetic properties as well as their technological potential applications especially as thin films. Here, using a large set of complementary and advanced techniques, we show that NFO epitaxial thin films, successfully grown by pulsed laser deposition on (001)-SrTiO3, show a strong magnetic anisotropy below a critical thickness tc of 54 nm, associated with the occurrence of…
Increased magnetocrystalline anisotropy in epitaxial Fe-Co-C thin films with spontaneous strain
无稀土合金是永磁体研究的焦点，因为当今常规磁体所需的元素的可及性有限。四方应变铁钴（Fe-Co）由于理论计算而作为有希望的候选者引起了人们的极大兴趣。然而，在实验中，所施加的应变随着膜厚度的增加而迅速松弛，并且阻碍了强磁晶各向异性的稳定。在我们的研究中，我们表明，已经2原子%的碳大大减少晶格弛豫，导致形成自发应变相与3%的tetraorbic失真。在这些应变（Fe $_{0.4}$ Co $_{0.6}$）$_{0.98}$ C $_{0.02}$薄膜中，观察到大于0.4 MJ/m $^3$的磁晶各向异性，同时保持2.1 T的大极化。与二元Fe-Co相比，这是内禀磁性的显著改善。在本文中，我们将我们的实验工作与应变Fe-Co-C的理论研究联系起来，并发现非常一致。
A perpendicularly magnetized ferromagnetic layer is an important building block for recent/future highdensity spintronic memory applications. This paper reports on the fabrication of perpendicularly magnetized Ni / Pt superlattices and the characterization of their structures and magnetic properties. The optimization of film growth conditions allowed us to grow epitaxial Ni / Pt (001) superlattices on SrTiO$_{3}$ (001) single crystal substrates. We investigated their structural parameters and magnetic properties as a function of the Ni layer thickness, and obtained a high uniaxial magnetic ani…
Ferromagnet/heavy metal (FM/HM) multilayer thin films with $C_{2v}$ symmetry have the potential to host antiskyrmions and other chiral spin textures via an anisotropic Dzyaloshinkii-Moriya interaction (DMI). Here, we present a candidate material system that also has a strong uniaxial magnetocrystalline anisotropy aligned in the plane of the film. This system is based on a new Co/Pt epitaxial relationship, which is the central focus of this work: hexagonal closed-packed Co$(10\bar{1}0)[0001]$ $\parallel$ face-centered cubic Pt$(110)[001]$. We characterized the crystal structure and magnetic pro…
We report on domain pattern transfer from a ferroelectric BaTiO$_{\mathrm{3}}$ substrate with a $(111)$-orientation of the surface to an epitaxial Co film grown on a Pd buffer layer. Spatially modulated interfacial strain transfer from ferroelectric/ferroelastic domains and inverse magnetostriction in the ferromagnetic film induce stripe regions with a modulation of the in-plane uniaxial magnetic anisotropy direction. Using spin-polarized low energy electron microscopy, we observe the formation of two distinct anisotropy configurations between stripe regions. Moreover, through application of a…
